Baseline Plasma Aldosterone Level and Renin Activity Allowing Omission of Confirmatory Testing in Primary Aldosteronism

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2020-05, Vol.105 (5), p.e1990-e1998
• Main Authors: Kawashima, Junji, Araki, Eiichi, Naruse, Mitsuhide, Kurihara, Isao, Takahashi, Katsutoshi, Tamura, Kouichi, Kobayashi, Hiroki, Okamura, Shintaro, Miyauchi, Shozo, Yamamoto, Koichi, Izawa, Shoichiro, Suzuki, Tomoko, Tanabe, Akiyo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aldosterone; Aldosterone - blood; Cohort Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine - standards; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Endocrine disorders; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism - blood; Hyperaldosteronism - diagnosis; Japan; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Renin; Renin - blood; Renin - metabolism; Retrospective Studies; Validation Studies as Topic
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa117

Abstract Context Previous studies have proposed cutoff value of baseline plasma aldosterone concentration (bPAC) under renin suppression that could diagnose primary aldosteronism (PA) without confirmatory testing. However, those studies are limited by selection bias due to a small number of patients and a single-center study design. Objective This study aimed to determine cutoff value of bPAC and baseline plasma renin activity (bPRA) for predicting positive results in confirmatory tests for PA. Design The multi-institutional, retrospective, cohort study was conducted using the PA registry in Japan (JPAS/JRAS). We compared bPAC in patients with PA who showed positive and negative captopril challenge test (CCT) or saline infusion test (SIT) results. Patients Patients with PA who underwent CCT (n = 2256) and/or SIT (n = 1184) were studied. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were cutoff value of bPAC (ng/dL) and bPRA (ng/mL/h) for predicting positive CCT and/or SIT results. Results In patients with renin suppression (bPRA ≤ 0.3), the cutoff value of bPAC that would give 100% specificity for predicting a positive SIT result was lower than that for predicting a positive CCT result (30.85 vs 56.35, respectively). Specificities of bPAC cutoff values ≥ 30.85 for predicting positive SIT and CCT results remained high (100.0% and 97.0%, respectively) in patients with bPRA ≤ 0.6. However, the specificities of bPAC cutoff values ≥ 30.85 for predicting positive SIT and CCT results decreased when patients with bPRA > 0.6 were included. Conclusion Confirmatory testing could be omitted in patients with bPAC ≥ 30.85 in the presence of bPRA ≤ 0.6.