Relations between disease status and body composition in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

• Published in: European journal of pediatrics 2020-10, Vol.179 (10), p.1499-1505
• Main Authors: Talathi, Saurabh, Nagaraj, Pooja, Jester, Traci, Maclin, Jeanine, Knight, Taylor, Barnes, Margaux J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body composition; Body fat; Body mass; Bone density; Bone mass; Bone mineral density; Dietary intake; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Exercise; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Intestine; Lean body mass; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original Article; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Patients; Pediatrics; Physical activity; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Remission
• ISSN: 0340-6199; 1432-1076
• DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03629-0

To evaluate the effect of remission status on physical activity and body composition in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) and healthy peers. Single-center cohort study, including 54 PIBD patients and 33 healthy peers. During the initial study visit, a brief demographic questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire completed by participants, and instructions on recording dietary intake were given. Physicians completed the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) for disease severity. Medical chart abstraction was done to obtain disease variables of interest. DEXA scan completed 1 week later to obtain information on body composition. Variables of interest were compared between the three groups (IBD-Remission, IBD-Active, and healthy controls) using an ANOVA or Chi-square test as appropriate. IBD patients were older than controls, reported lower quality of life (73.9 vs. 80.9), and engaged in less MVPA (195.4 versus 361.1). The IBD-Active group had a significantly lower lean body mass, bone mineral density, and time spent in MVPA compared to the IBD-Remission group and healthy controls. IBD-Remission group had a significantly lower percentage of biologic use (55% vs. 87%) and comorbidities (26% vs. 44%) compared to IBD-active group. IBD-remission group also had a lower fat mass percentage. In this study, we report significantly favorable LBM, BMD, and time spent in MVPA in patients with IBD in remission compared to those not in remission with the former demonstrating a body composition resembling that of healthy peers. Conclusion : While an improvement in BMD was observed with remission, the scores were still lower than controls. What is Known: • Body composition deficits in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease are common and some persist despite achievement of remission leading to long term outcomes including osteopenia and osteoporosis. • Weight restoration in patients with pediatric IBD is primarily explained by gains in fat mass without similar gains in lean mass. What is New: • While an improvement in bone mineral density was observed, the achievement of remission significantly improves affects physical activity and body composition in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. • However, some parameters of body composition do not reach levels comparable to healthy peers.