Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients

• Published in: Journal of periodontology (1970) 2020-11, Vol.91 (11), p.1495-1502
• Main Authors: Afacan, Beral, Keleş Yücel, Zeynep Pinar, Paşali, Çiğdem, Atmaca İlhan, Harika, Köse, Timur, Emingil, Gülnur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aggressive Periodontitis - therapy; aggressive periodontitis, cytokines, gingival crevicular fluid, hypoxia; Dental Scaling; Dentistry; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - chemistry; Humans; Hypoxia; root planing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - analysis; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
• ISSN: 0022-3492; 1943-3670
• DOI: 10.1002/JPER.19-0521

Background Hypoxia‐inducible angiogenic pathway involving hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) may regulate several biological processes related to inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP). Methods Twenty G‐AgP patients and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. G‐AgP patients received scaling and root planning (SRP), per quadrant at a 1‐week‐interval, performed with ultrasonic and periodontal hand instruments. GCF samples were collected and clinical periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment. Biomarker levels in GCF were analyzed by ELISA. Results At baseline all clinical parameters and GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels were significantly higher in G‐AgP patients compared to healthy control (P  0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, although HIF‐1α seems to possess a potential diagnostic value for G‐AgP, it might not be a proper predictor of clinically favorable treatment outcome. SRP plus different adjunctive therapies could provide better information about the prognostic role of hypoxia‐inducible angiogenic pathway in G‐AgP.