Neuropathogenicity of newly isolated avian leukosis viruses from chickens with osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms

The prototype fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGVp) causes fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In this study, we investigated whether a strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV), associated with avian osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms, is able to induce fowl glioma. We encountered avian...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Avian pathology 2020-09, Vol.49 (5), p.440-447
Main Authors: Nishiura, Hayate, Kubota, Ikuko, Kondo, Yui, Kachi, Masayuki, Hatai, Hitoshi, Sasaki, Jun, Goryo, Masanobu, Ochiai, Kenji
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Avian leukosis
Avian leukosis virus
avian osteopetrosis
Biomedical materials
Birds
Cerebellum
Chickens
Egg laying
Encephalitis
experimental infection
Glioma
Hypoplasia
Inoculation
Leukosis
Meat
Meat production
Mesenchyme
Microbiological strains
myxosarcoma
Neoplasms
Osteopetrosis
Pathogens
Poultry
Prototypes
Recombination
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sarcoma
Strains (organisms)
Tumors
Viruses
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Summary:The prototype fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGVp) causes fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In this study, we investigated whether a strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV), associated with avian osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms, is able to induce fowl glioma. We encountered avian osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms, including myxosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, in Japanese native chickens used for both egg-laying and meat production. These birds were also affected by non-suppurative encephalitis and glioma in their brains. Four ALV strains (GifN_001, GifN_002, GifN_004, GifN_005) were isolated, and a phylogenic analysis of envSU showed that these isolates were classified into different clusters from FGVp and the variants previously reported. Whereas the envSU shared a high identity (94.7%) with that of Rous sarcoma virus (strain Schmidt-Ruppin B) (RSV-SRB), the identity between envTM of GifN_001 and that of FGVp was high (94.5%), indicating that GifN_strains may emerge by recombination between FGVp and other exogenous ALVs. Specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated in ovo with GifN_001 revealed fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia. These results suggest that the newly isolated strains have acquired neuropathogenicity to chickens.
ISSN:0307-9457
1465-3338
DOI:10.1080/03079457.2020.1757621