Manual prostate cancer segmentation in MRI: interreader agreement and volumetric correlation with transperineal template core needle biopsy

• Published in: European radiology 2020-09, Vol.30 (9), p.4806-4815
• Main Authors: Liechti, Marc R., Muehlematter, Urs J., Schneider, Aurelia F., Eberli, Daniel, Rupp, Niels J., Hötker, Andreas M., Donati, Olivio F., Becker, Anton S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Agreements; Biopsy; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle - methods; Diagnostic Radiology; Diffusion coefficient; Estimates; Humans; Image processing; Image segmentation; Imaging; Internal Medicine; Interventional Radiology; Lesions; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metric space; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neuroradiology; Perineum; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis; Radiology; Retrospective Studies; Tumors; Ultrasound; Urogenital
• ISSN: 0938-7994; 1432-1084
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06786-w

Objectives To assess interreader agreement of manual prostate cancer lesion segmentation on multiparametric MR images (mpMRI). The secondary aim was to compare tumor volume estimates between MRI segmentation and transperineal template saturation core needle biopsy (TTSB). Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who had undergone mpMRI of the prostate at our institution and who had received TTSB within 190 days of the examination. Seventy-eight cancer lesions with Gleason score of at least 3 + 4 = 7 were manually segmented in T2-weighted images by 3 radiologists and 1 medical student. Twenty lesions were also segmented in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) series. First, 20 volumetric similarity scores were computed to quantify interreader agreement. Second, manually segmented cancer lesion volumes were compared with TTSB-derived estimates by Bland-Altman analysis and Wilcoxon testing. Results Interreader agreement across all readers was only moderate with mean T2 Dice score of 0.57 (95%CI 0.39–0.70), volumetric similarity coefficient of 0.74 (0.48–0.89), and Hausdorff distance of 5.23 mm (3.17–9.32 mm). Discrepancy of volume estimate between MRI and TTSB was increasing with tumor size. Discrepancy was significantly different between tumors with a Gleason score 3 + 4 vs. higher grade tumors (0.66 ml vs. 0.78 ml; p  = 0.007). There were no significant differences between T2, ADC, and DCE segmentations. Conclusions We found at best moderate interreader agreement of manual prostate cancer segmentation in mpMRI. Additionally, our study suggests a systematic discrepancy between the tumor volume estimate by MRI segmentation and TTSB core length, especially for large and high-grade tumors. Key Points • Manual prostate cancer segmentation in mpMRI shows moderate interreader agreement. • There are no significant differences between T2, ADC, and DCE segmentation agreements. • There is a systematic difference between volume estimates derived from biopsy and MRI.