Efficacy of a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine against a heterologous SAT1 virus challenge in goats

• Published in: Vaccine 2020-05, Vol.38 (24), p.4006-4015
• Main Authors: Lazarus, D.D., Peta, F., Blight, D., Van Heerden, J., Mutowembwa, P.B., Heath, L., Blignaut, B., Opperman, P.A., Fosgate, G.T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Africa, Southern; Animal diseases; Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - prevention & control; Cattle Diseases - virology; Clinical protection; Data collection; Dosage; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Female; Fever; FMD; Foot & mouth disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - prevention & control; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - immunology; Goats; Inoculation; Low temperature; Male; Polymerase chain reaction; Rectum; Serotypes; Standard deviation; Tissue culture; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vaccines, Inactivated; Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Virus Shedding; Viruses
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.014

•Domestic goats are important FMD susceptible host species.•However, their role in the epidemiology of the disease is poorly understood.•A high-potency FMD vaccine induced clinical protection in goats against a heterologous challenge with FMDV SAT1. Goats are susceptible to infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), but their role in the epidemiology of the disease and response to vaccination is poorly understood. In southern Africa, FMDV serotypes Southern African Territories (SAT) 1, 2 and 3 are known to be endemic. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a pentavalent FMD vaccine in goats against heterologous challenge with a pool of field SAT1 FMDV. Forty FMD sero-negative goats (6–12 months of age) of mixed sexes were randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: full cattle dose (2 ml), 1/3rd (0.67 ml), 1/6th (0.33 ml), 1/12th (0.16 ml) or unvaccinated placebo control. Goats were vaccinated with an inactivated pentavalent FMD vaccine containing serotypes SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3 on day 0 and revaccinated at day 20 post vaccination. Thereafter, thirty-four goats were challenged by tongue inoculation at day 41 post-vaccination using 104.57 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) FMDV SAT1 pool. Animals were examined daily and clinical signs were scored. Rectal temperatures were measured daily, with temperatures ≥40 °C defined as fever. Clinical specimens (nasal, oral and rectal swabs) were collected on days 0, 2, 4 and 6 post challenge. Viral shedding was determined using reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR. None of the goats vaccinated with the full cattle dose developed secondary lesions. All vaccinated groups had lower temperatures compared to the unvaccinated controls (P