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Biocleaning of starch glues from textiles by means of α-amylase-based treatments

Glues based on starch are widely used for the consolidation of brittle fibres in historic and archaeological textiles. Ageing fabrics are affected by hydrolysis/oxidation and cross-linking of these glues, a decrease of glues’ solubility, the formation of cracks, and discoloration. The hydrolytic act...

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Published in:Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2020-06, Vol.104 (12), p.5361-5370
Main Authors: Tortora, Mariagrazia, Gherardi, Francesca, Ferrari, Enrico, Colston, Belinda
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description Glues based on starch are widely used for the consolidation of brittle fibres in historic and archaeological textiles. Ageing fabrics are affected by hydrolysis/oxidation and cross-linking of these glues, a decrease of glues’ solubility, the formation of cracks, and discoloration. The hydrolytic action of enzymes on starch-based glues is promising, as molecular recognition offers great selectivity. However, a systematic assessment of the best methods for applying enzymatic formulations has not been explored yet. Here, α-amylase was applied either by pipetting a solution or combining with gellan gel (embedded in the gel or spread on the gel surface). The effectiveness of the different formulations on the removal of potato and wheat starch was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and colorimetric measurements. Enzymes dispersed in gel showed weak diffusion at the surface, resulting in poor starch breakdown and removal. On the contrary, amylase applied by pipette and spread on gel resulted in high starch removal selectivity and efficiency, with neither swelling nor damage to the fibres. These results validate protocols for the assessment of the enzymatic activity on glue-consolidated fibres, identify best application methods and confirm the excellent properties of amylase dispersions for the conservation of historic and archaeological textiles. Key points • Application of α-amylase by pipette and combined with gellan gel to remove starch glues from wool. • Systematic assessment of the best application methods following a multi-analytical protocol. • Enzymes dispersed in gel exhibit poor diffusion at the surface, leading to weak starch removal. • Enzymes applied by pipette and spread on gel are efficient in starch cleaning, without damage to the fibres.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00253-020-10625-9
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Ageing fabrics are affected by hydrolysis/oxidation and cross-linking of these glues, a decrease of glues’ solubility, the formation of cracks, and discoloration. The hydrolytic action of enzymes on starch-based glues is promising, as molecular recognition offers great selectivity. However, a systematic assessment of the best methods for applying enzymatic formulations has not been explored yet. Here, α-amylase was applied either by pipetting a solution or combining with gellan gel (embedded in the gel or spread on the gel surface). The effectiveness of the different formulations on the removal of potato and wheat starch was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and colorimetric measurements. Enzymes dispersed in gel showed weak diffusion at the surface, resulting in poor starch breakdown and removal. 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On the contrary, amylase applied by pipette and spread on gel resulted in high starch removal selectivity and efficiency, with neither swelling nor damage to the fibres. These results validate protocols for the assessment of the enzymatic activity on glue-consolidated fibres, identify best application methods and confirm the excellent properties of amylase dispersions for the conservation of historic and archaeological textiles. 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subjects Adhesives
Adhesives - chemistry
Aging
alpha-Amylases - metabolism
Amylases
Archaeology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins
Biotechnology
Colorimetry
Crosslinking
Damage
Diffusion
Discoloration
Enzymatic activity
Enzymes
Fibers
Fourier transforms
Gel diffusion
Gellan gum
Glues
Hydrolysis
Identification methods
Life Sciences
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Oxidation
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Potatoes
Scanning electron microscopy
Selectivity
Solanum tuberosum - chemistry
Solubility
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Starch
Starch - chemistry
Textiles
Triticum - chemistry
Wool
α-Amylase
title Biocleaning of starch glues from textiles by means of α-amylase-based treatments
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