Multiple Integrated Root Phenotypes Are Associated with Improved Drought Tolerance

To test the hypothesis that multiple integrated root phenotypes would co-optimize drought tolerance, we phenotyped the root anatomy and architecture of 400 mature maize ( ) genotypes under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in the field. We found substantial variation in all 23 root phenes m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2020-07, Vol.183 (3), p.1011-1025
Main Authors: Klein, Stephanie P, Schneider, Hannah M, Perkins, Alden C, Brown, Kathleen M, Lynch, Jonathan P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crops, Agricultural - anatomy & histology
Crops, Agricultural - genetics
Crops, Agricultural - physiology
Dehydration - genetics
Dehydration - physiopathology
Genetic Variation
Genotype
Phenotype
Plant Roots - anatomy & histology
Plant Roots - genetics
Plant Roots - physiology
Zea mays - genetics
Zea mays - physiology
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Summary:To test the hypothesis that multiple integrated root phenotypes would co-optimize drought tolerance, we phenotyped the root anatomy and architecture of 400 mature maize ( ) genotypes under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in the field. We found substantial variation in all 23 root phenes measured. A phenotypic bulked segregant analysis revealed that bulks representing the best and worst performers in the field displayed distinct root phenotypes. In contrast to the worst bulk, the root phenotype of the best bulk under drought consisted of greater cortical aerenchyma formation, more numerous and narrower metaxylem vessels, and thicker nodal roots. Partition-against-medians clustering revealed several clusters of unique root phenotypes related to plant performance under water stress. Clusters associated with improved drought tolerance consisted of phene states that likely enable greater soil exploration by reallocating internal resources to greater root construction (increased aerenchyma content, larger cortical cells, fewer cortical cell files), restrict uptake of water to conserve soil moisture (reduced hydraulic conductance, narrow metaxylem vessels), and improve penetrability of hard, dry soils (thick roots with a larger proportion of stele, and smaller distal cortical cells). We propose that the most drought-tolerant-integrated phenotypes merit consideration as breeding ideotypes.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548
DOI:10.1104/pp.20.00211