Biomechanical stimulation effects on the metabolism of adipocyte

• Published in: Journal of cellular physiology 2020-11, Vol.235 (11), p.8702-8713
• Main Authors: Mor‐Yossef Moldovan, Lisa, Kislev, Nadav, Lustig, Maayan, Pomeraniec, Leslie, Benayahu, Dafna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphatase; Adipocytes; Adipocytes - metabolism; Adipogenesis; Adipogenesis - physiology; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Adipose Tissue, White - metabolism; Animals; Bioinformatics; Biomechanics; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation - physiology; Cell fate; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Heterochromatin; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Lipid Metabolism - physiology; Lipids; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Mitochondria; mitochondrial activity; Nuclei (cytology); Obesity - metabolism; PPAR gamma - metabolism; Proteins; static stretch; Stimulation
• ISSN: 0021-9541; 1097-4652
• DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29714

Adipose tissue plays a leading role in obesity, which, in turn, can lead to Type 2 diabetes. Adipocytes (AD) respond to the biomechanical stimulation experienced in fat tissue under static stretch during prolonged sitting or lying. To investigate the effect of such chronic stimulation on adipocyte cell metabolism, we used an in vitro system to mimic the static stretch conditions. Under in vitro culture stretching, cells were analyzed at the single‐cell level and we measured an increase in the projected area of the AD and higher content of lipid droplets. A decrease in the projected area of these cells’ nucleus is associated with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma expression and heterochromatin. This is the first study to reveal proteins that were altered under static stretch following a mass spectrometry analysis and main pathways that affect cell fate and metabolism. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteins indicated an increase in mitochondrial activity and associated pathways under static stretch stimulation. Quantification of the mitochondrial activity by 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the ATPase related proteins specifically measured ATP5B indicated an increase in adipogenesis which points to a higher rate of cell metabolism under static stretch. In summary, our results elaborate on the metabolism of AD exposed to biomechanical stimulation, that is, associated with altered cellular protein profile and thereby influenced cell fate. The static stretch stimulation accelerated adipocyte differentiation through increased mitochondrial activity. Hence, in this study, we introduce a new perspective in understanding the molecular regulation of mechano‐transduction in adipogenesis. Schematic illustration of adipocyte differentiation, that is, affected by mechanical stimulation. The cell fate followed according to the biomechanical impact on induced lipid droplets accumulation. The proteomic analysis identified an increase of mitochondrial activity and cellular metabolism in cells subjected to static stretch stimulation that was is an accelerator of adipogenesis.