Co-existence of multiple sclerosis and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: A case report and review of literature

• Published in: Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2020-07, Vol.42, p.102075-102075, Article 102075
• Main Authors: Gulec, Bade, Kurucu, Hatice, Bozbay, Suha, Dikmen, Yalım, Sayman, Haluk, Tuzun, Erdem, Tutuncu, Melih, Uygunoglu, Ugur, Yalcinkaya, Cengiz, Saip, Sabahattin, Siva, Aksel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - diagnosis; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - epidemiology; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - diagnosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - epidemiology; NMDAR encephalitis; Overlapping demyelinating syndromes
• ISSN: 2211-0348; 2211-0356
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102075

•An overlap between NMDAR encephalitis and MS is limited to only a few cases.•We present a patient diagnosed with RRMS who has developed NMDAR encephalitis.•Infections may trigger an autoimmune cascade which may be the cause of B-cell disorders.•There may be link between NMDAR encephalitis and MS in which has not yet been shown. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a serious autoimmune disorder characterized by psychiatric symptoms, seizures and movement disorder. Predisposing factors have been reported since the time it was described, and its pathophysiology has been tried to be clarified over the years. Although overlap with other demyelinating diseases had been reported, such an association between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) anti ANTİ-NMDAR encephalitis is limited to only a few case reports. In this article, a patient diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) for ten years who then developed NMDA-R encephalitis while on disease modifying treatment will be presented and possible common pathophysiology with previously reported literature will be discussed.