Mechanophotonics: Flexible Single‐Crystal Organic Waveguides and Circuits

We present the one‐dimensional optical‐waveguiding crystal dithieno[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine with a high aspect ratio, high mechanical flexibility, and selective self‐absorbance of the blue part of its fluorescence (FL). While macrocrystals exhibit elasticity, microcrystals deposited at a glass surfa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020-08, Vol.59 (33), p.13852-13858
Main Authors: Annadhasan, Mari, Agrawal, Abhijeet R., Bhunia, Surojit, Pradeep, Vuppu Vinay, Zade, Sanjio S., Reddy, C. Malla, Chandrasekar, Rajadurai
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atomic force microscopy
Cantilevers
Circuits
Crystals
Directional couplers
flexible crystals
Fluorescence
High aspect ratio
mechanophotonics
Microcrystals
Micromanipulation
Multiplexing
Optical communication
optical waveguides
organic photonics
Phenazine
Waveguides
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Summary:We present the one‐dimensional optical‐waveguiding crystal dithieno[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine with a high aspect ratio, high mechanical flexibility, and selective self‐absorbance of the blue part of its fluorescence (FL). While macrocrystals exhibit elasticity, microcrystals deposited at a glass surface behave more like plastic crystals due to significant surface adherence, making them suitable for constructing photonic circuits via micromechanical operation with an atomic‐force‐microscopy cantilever tip. The flexible crystalline waveguides display optical‐path‐dependent FL signals at the output termini in both straight and bent configurations, making them appropriate for wavelength‐division multiplexing technologies. A reconfigurable 2×2‐directional coupler fabricated via micromanipulation by combining two arc‐shaped crystals splits the optical signal via evanescent coupling and delivers the signals at two output terminals with different splitting ratios. The presented mechanical micromanipulation technique could also be effectively extended to other flexible crystals. Flexible microcrystals of dithieno[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine exhibit excellent optical‐waveguiding and wavelength‐division‐multiplexing properties in both straight and bent geometries after mechanical micromanipulation with an AFM cantilever tip. A 2×2‐directional coupler made from two bent crystals via micromanipulation split the optical signal into two different splitting ratios depending on the optical path length.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202003820