Dietary patterns and relative expression levels of PPAR-γ, VEGF-A and HIF-1α genes in benign breast diseases: case–control and consecutive case-series designs

• Published in: British journal of nutrition 2020-10, Vol.124 (8), p.832-843
• Main Authors: Asemani, Sanaz, Montazeri, Vahid, Foroutan-Ghaznavi, Mitra, Pirouzpanah, Seyed-Sajjad, Baradaran, Behzad, Jafari, Sahar, Barzegar, Ali, Shanehbandi, Dariush, Asadi, Nahideh, Pirouzpanah, Saeed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Angiogenesis; Anticoagulants; Breast cancer; Breast diseases; Breast Diseases - genetics; Cancer therapies; Case-Control Studies; Chronic illnesses; Correlation; Dairy products; Diabetes; Diet; Diet - adverse effects; Diet - methods; Diet Surveys; Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data; Dietary Surveys and Nutritional Epidemiology; Ethics; Fast food; Female; Food; Gene expression; Genes; Growth factors; Health care; Hospitals; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a; Iran; Legumes; Meat; Middle Aged; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - genetics; Nuts; Overexpression; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Poultry; PPAR gamma - metabolism; Pregnancy; Principal Component Analysis; Principal components analysis; Questionnaires; Risk; Seafood; Seeds; Spices; Tumors; Ulcers; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; Vegetable oils; Vegetables; Womens health; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520001737

We aimed to study dietary patterns in association with the relative expression levels of PPAR-γ, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in women with benign breast disease (BBD). The study design was combinative, included a case-series and case–control compartments. Initially, eligible BBD patients (n 77, aged 19–52 years old) were recruited at Nour-Nejat hospital, Tabriz, Iran (2012–2014). A hospital-based group of healthy controls was matched for age (n 231, aged 20–63 years old) and sex. Dietary data were collected using a valid 136-item FFQ. Principal component analysis generated two main components (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0·684), including a Healthy pattern (whole bread, fruits, vegetables, vegetable oils, legumes, spices, seafood, low-fat meat, skinless poultry, low-fat dairy products, nuts and seeds) and a Western pattern (starchy foods, high-fat meat and poultry, high-fat dairy products, hydrogenated fat, fast food, salt and sweets). High adherence to the Western pattern increased the risk of BBD (ORadj 5·59; 95 % CI 2·06, 15·10; P < 0·01), whereas high intake of the Healthy pattern was associated with a 74 % lower risk of BBD (95 % CI 0·08, 0·81; P < 0·05). In the BBD population, the Western pattern was correlated with over-expression of HIF-1α (radj 0·309, P < 0·05). There were inverse correlations between the Healthy pattern and expressions of PPAR-γ (radj −0·338, P < 0·05), HIF-1α (radj −0·340, P < 0·05) and VEGF-A (radj −0·286, P < 0·05). In conclusion, new findings suggested that the Healthy pattern was associated inversely with the risk of BBD, and this could be correlated with down-regulation of PPAR-γ, VEGF-A and HIF-1α genes, which might hold promise to preclude BBD of malignant pathological transformation.