The development, patterning and evolution of neural crest cell differentiation into cartilage and bone

Neural crest cells are a vertebrate-specific migratory, multipotent cell population that give rise to a diverse array of cells and tissues during development. Cranial neural crest cells, in particular, generate cartilage, bone, tendons and connective tissue in the head and face as well as neurons, g...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bone (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2020-08, Vol.137, p.115409-115409, Article 115409
Main Authors: Dash, Soma, Trainor, Paul A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bone
Cartilage
Chondrogenesis
Craniofacial development
Evolution of neural crest cells
FGF signaling
Msx1
Msx2
Neural crest cells
Osteogenesis
Runx2
Sox9
TGFβ signaling
WNT/β-catenin signaling
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Summary:Neural crest cells are a vertebrate-specific migratory, multipotent cell population that give rise to a diverse array of cells and tissues during development. Cranial neural crest cells, in particular, generate cartilage, bone, tendons and connective tissue in the head and face as well as neurons, glia and melanocytes. In this review, we focus on the chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of cranial neural crest cells and discuss the roles of Sox9, Runx2 and Msx1/2 transcription factors and WNT, FGF and TGFβ signaling pathways in regulating neural crest cell differentiation into cartilage and bone. We also describe cranioskeletal defects and disorders arising from gain or loss-of-function of genes that are required for patterning and differentiation of cranial neural crest cells. Finally, we discuss the evolution of skeletogenic potential in neural crest cells and their function as a conduit for intraspecies and interspecies variation, and the evolution of craniofacial novelties.
ISSN:8756-3282
1873-2763
DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115409