Effect of surface characteristics on the antibacterial properties of titanium dioxide nanotubes produced in aqueous electrolytes with carboxymethyl cellulose

• Published in: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 2021-01, Vol.109 (1), p.104-121
• Main Authors: Aguirre Ocampo, Robinson, Echeverry‐Rendón, Mónica, DeAlba‐Montero, Idania, Robledo, Sara, Ruiz, Facundo, Echeverría Echeverría, Félix
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adhesion tests; Anatase; anodizing; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; antibacterial activity; Aqueous electrolytes; Bacteria; bacteria adhesion; Bacterial Adhesion; Carboxymethyl cellulose; Carboxymethylcellulose; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium - chemistry; Cellulose; Coatings; Electrolytes; Fluorides; Heat treatment; Heat treatments; Irradiation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanotechnology; Nanotubes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Sodium fluoride; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Strains (organisms); Surface Properties; TiO2 nanotubes; Titanium; Titanium - pharmacology; Titanium dioxide; Ultraviolet radiation; Ultraviolet Rays; wettability
• ISSN: 1549-3296; 1552-4965
• DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37010

Nanotubular structures were produced on a commercially pure titanium surface by anodization in an aqueous electrolyte that contained carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium fluoride. The internal diameters obtained were about 100, 48, and 9.5 nm, respectively. Several heat treatments at 200, 350, and 600°C were made to produce nanotubes with different titanium dioxide polymorphs (anatase, rutile). All tested surfaces were superhydrophilic, this behavior was maintained after at least 30 days, regardless of the heat treatment. Although in previous works the nanotube features effect on the bacteria behavior had been studied; this item still unclear. For the best of our knowledge, the effect of small internal diameters (about 10 nm) with and without heat treatment and with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the bacteria strains comportment has not been reported. From our results, both the internal diameter and the postanodized treatments have an effect on the bacteria strains comportment. All nanotubular coatings UV treated and heat treated at 350 and 600°C; despite they have different inner diameters, inhibit the bacteria growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The nanotubular coatings obtained at 20 V and heat treated at 350°C produced the lower bacteria adhesion against both strains evaluated.