Reproductive system infections in women: upper genital tract, fetal, neonatal and infant syndromes

ABSTRACT Lower genital tract infection and bloodborne spread of infection are the two principal modes for infection of the upper genital tract or for infection of the fetus, neonate or infant. Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most common bloodborne pathogens that...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens and disease 2020-07, Vol.78 (5)
Main Authors: Brunham, Robert C, Paavonen, Jorma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cervix
Chlamydia
Disorders
Fetuses
Genital tract
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human papillomavirus
Infants
Infections
Microbiomes
Neonates
Pathogens
Pregnancy
Reproductive system
Sexually transmitted diseases
STD
Vagina
Viruses
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Summary:ABSTRACT Lower genital tract infection and bloodborne spread of infection are the two principal modes for infection of the upper genital tract or for infection of the fetus, neonate or infant. Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most common bloodborne pathogens that infect the fetus, neonate or infant. Most infections of the upper genital tract, however, spread along epithelial surfaces from the vagina or cervix to the upper genital tract or chorioamnion, fetus, neonate or infant. These infections are caused by either pathogens associated with a dysbiotic vaginal microbiome or those that are sexually transmitted. The clinical syndromes that these pathogens produce in the lower genital tract were discussed in part one of this review. We now discuss the syndromes and pathogens that affect the upper genital tract of both non-pregnant and pregnant women as well as fetus, neonate and infant. We review the microbial causes of disease in the reproductive system of women.
ISSN:2049-632X
2049-632X
DOI:10.1093/femspd/ftaa023