Brn3a/Pou4f1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting c-MET/STAT3 Signaling in Thyroid Cancer

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2020-09, Vol.105 (9), p.e3127-e3141
• Main Authors: Jung, Seung-Nam, Kang, Yea Eun, Lee, Gun Ho, Liu, Lihua, Oh, Chan, Jin, Yan Li, Lim, Mi Ae, Lee, Kyungmin, Oh, Taejeong, Won, Ho-Ryun, Chang, Jae Won, Koo, Bon Seok
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Brn-3 protein; Cancer; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell migration; Cell Movement - genetics; Development and progression; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Tumor Suppressor - physiology; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Genomics; Humans; Kinases; Mesenchyme; Metastases; Metastasis; Microarray Analysis; Phenotypes; Protein kinase; Protein kinases; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism; RNA; Signal Transduction - genetics; siRNA; Stat3 protein; STAT3 Transcription Factor - genetics; STAT3 Transcription Factor - metabolism; Thyroid cancer; Thyroid Neoplasms - genetics; Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology; Transcription Factor Brn-3A - physiology; Tumor cell lines; Tumor suppressor genes; Tyrosine; Western blotting
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa316

Brn3a/Pou4f1 is a class IV POU domain-containing transcription factor and has been found to be expressed in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanism and action of Brn3a in thyroid cancer has not been investigated. To investigate the role of Brn3a in thyroid cancer progression and its clinical implication. We examined Brn3a expression status in patients with thyroid cancer and analyzed relationships between Brn3a expression and clinicopathological findings using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. For functional in vitro analysis, proliferation, migration, invasion assay, and Western blotting were performed after overexpression or suppression of Brn3a. The promoter hypermethylation of Brn3a was found in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer and Brn3a was downregulated in tissues of patients with thyroid cancer. In TCGA database, the low-Brn3a-expression group revealed a more aggressive phenotype, including T stage and extrathyroid extension when compared with the high-Brn3a-expression group. Overexpression of Brn3a suppressed cell migration and invasion via regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins in thyroid cancer cell lines. Brn3a overexpression also downregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling through suppression of tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-MET). In contrast, knockdown of Brn3a by small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) significantly increased cell migration and invasion through upregulation of c-MET/STAT3. These results imply that Brn3a suppresses tumor metastasis via c-MET/STAT3 inhibition and EMT suppression in thyroid cancer. Our findings show that Brn3a is a potential tumor suppressor that leads to reduced cancer cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer. Elucidation of the Brn3a-regulated cancer pathways may therefore provide novel therapeutic strategies to control thyroid cancer metastasis.