Factors influencing peak bone mass gain

Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10% increase in peak bone mass (PBM) at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%. Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers of medicine 2021-02, Vol.15 (1), p.53-69
Main Authors: Zhu, Xiaowei, Zheng, Houfeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
adolescents
Adult
Bone and Bones
Bone Density
Child
Child development
children
Exercise
Female
genetic
Humans
Life Style
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Menarche
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis - epidemiology
peak bone mass
Review
Risk Factors
Young Adult
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Summary:Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10% increase in peak bone mass (PBM) at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%. Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or processes that occur during adolescence and young adulthood. Race, gender, and family history (genetics) are responsible for the majority of PBM, but other factors, such as physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, weight, smoking and alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and other secondary causes (diseases and medications), play important roles in PBM gain during childhood and adolescence. Hence, the optimization of lifestyle factors that affect PBM and bone strength is an important strategy to maximize PBM among adolescents and young people, and thus to reduce the low bone mass or osteoporosis risk in later life. This review aims to summarize the available evidence for the common but important factors that influence bone mass gain during growth and development and discuss the advances of developing high PBM.
ISSN:2095-0217
2095-0225
DOI:10.1007/s11684-020-0748-y