Sexual symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse: a network analysis

• Published in: Psychological medicine 2022-01, Vol.52 (1), p.90-101
• Main Authors: Kratzer, Leonhard, Heinz, Peter, Schennach, Rebecca, Knefel, Matthias, Schiepek, Günter, Biedermann, Sarah V., Büttner, Melanie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abuse; Amnesia; Amnesia - complications; Amnesia - diagnosis; Anger; Child; Child Abuse; Child abuse & neglect; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child sexual abuse; Childhood; Children; Clustering; Comorbidity; Dissociation; Dissociative amnesia; Dissociative Disorders - epidemiology; Emotions; Humans; Hyperarousal; Investigations; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Network analysis; Orgasm; Original Article; Paraphilias; Patients; Personality disorders; Post traumatic stress disorder; Psychological distress; Psychopathology; Redundancy; Reminders; Sex crimes; Sex Offenses; Sexual behavior; Sexual orientation; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - etiology; Symptoms; Trauma; Treatment methods
• ISSN: 0033-2917; 1469-8978
• DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720001750

Even though recent research indicates that sexual symptoms are highly prevalent in post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse and cause severe distress, current treatments neither address them nor are they effective in reducing them. This might be due to a lack of understanding of sexual symptoms' specific role in the often complex and comorbid psychopathology of post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood abuse. Post-traumatic, dissociative, depressive, and sexual symptoms were assessed in 445 inpatients with post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse. Comorbidity structure was analyzed using a partial correlation network with regularization. A total of 360 patients (81%) reported difficulties engaging in sexual activities and 102 patients (23%) reported to suffer from their sexual preferences. Difficulties engaging in sexual activities were linked to depressive and hyperarousal symptoms, whereas sexual preferences causing distress were linked to anger and dissociation. Dissociative amnesia, visual intrusions, and physical reactions to trauma reminders were of central importance for the network. Dissociative amnesia, depressed mood, lack of energy, and difficulties engaging in sexual activities were identified as bridge symptoms. Local clustering analysis indicated the non-redundancy of sexual symptoms. Sexual symptoms are highly prevalent in survivors of childhood sexual abuse with post-traumatic stress disorder. Further research is needed regarding the link of difficulties engaging in sexual activities, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as regarding the association of dissociation and sexual preferences causing distress. Sexual symptoms require consideration in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse.