Introducing a multi-variate classification method: Risky driving acceptance among different heterogeneous driver sub-cultures

• Published in: Journal of safety research 2020-06, Vol.73, p.81-91
• Main Authors: Timmermans, Chantal P.M., Alhajyaseen, Wael K.M., Ross, Veerle, Nakamura, Hideki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age Factors; Attitude; Attitudes; Automobile Driving - psychology; Automobile Driving - standards; Classification; Culture; Driver behavior; Driving ability; Education; Ethnic Groups; Female; Heterogeneous driving population; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multidimensional scaling; Multivariate Analysis; Negligence; Qatar; Questionnaires; Risk acceptance; Risk taking; Risky driving behaviour; Safety; Safety research; Seat belts; Students - psychology; Sub-cultures; Subcultures; Traffic accidents & safety; Traffic safety; Traffic safety culture; Traffic violations; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0022-4375; 1879-1247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.009

•MDS analysis is used to classify a heterogenous sample of drivers into sub-cultures.•Risky driving behaviours are classified into themes with shared underlying meaning.•Acceptance of speeding is highest among the young Arabic students.•Acceptance of distraction and drivers’ negligence is highest among male Arab drivers.•Acceptance of extreme risk-taking is highest among South-Asian business drivers. Introduction: Heterogeneous driving populations with many different origins are likely to have various sub-cultures that comprise of drivers with shared driver characteristics, most likely with dissimilar traffic safety cultures. An innovative methodology in traffic safety research is introduced which is beneficial for large datasets with multiple variables, making it useful for the multi-variate classification of drivers, driving attitudes and/or (risky) driving behaviours. Method: With the application of multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS), this study explores traffic safety culture in the State of Qatar using a questionnaire and investigates the similarity patterns between the questionnaire items, aiming to classify attitudes towards risky driving behaviours into themes. MDS is subsequently applied to classify drivers within a heterogeneous driving sample into sub-cultures with shared driver characteristics and different risky driving attitudes. Results: Results show that acceptance of speeding is highest among the young Arabic students and acceptance of distraction and drivers’ negligence such as phone use and not wearing a seatbelt is highest among male Arab drivers. Acceptance of extreme risk-taking like intoxicated driving and red-light running is highest among South-Asian business drivers. Conclusion: It is important and practical to understand risky behavioural habits among sub-cultures and thereby focussing on groups of drivers instead of individuals, because groups are easier to approach and drivers within sub-cultures are found to influence each other. By indicating which groups of drivers are most likely to perform specific risky driving themes, it is possible to target these groups and effectively emphasise certain subsets of risky driving behaviours during training or traffic safety education. Practical Applications: This study provides guidance for the improvement of driver education and targeted traffic safety awareness campaigns, intending to make changes to attitudes and habits within specific driver sub-cultures with the aim to improve