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Automated assessment of Ki‐67 in breast cancer: the utility of digital image analysis using virtual triple staining and whole slide imaging

Aims Precise evaluation of proliferative activity is essential for the stratified treatment of luminal‐type breast cancer (BC). Immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 has been widely used to determine proliferative activity and is recognised to be a useful prognostic marker. However, there remains di...

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Published in:Histopathology 2020-09, Vol.77 (3), p.471-480
Main Authors: Hida, Akira I, Omanovic, Dzenita, Pedersen, Lars, Oshiro, Yumi, Ogura, Takashi, Nomura, Tsunehisa, Kurebayashi, Junichi, Kanomata, Naoki, Moriya, Takuya
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4000-c1856c83da6ae81c89c528424df6bdf366999f0e6113df0ab6404d01c1ae19463
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container_end_page 480
container_issue 3
container_start_page 471
container_title Histopathology
container_volume 77
creator Hida, Akira I
Omanovic, Dzenita
Pedersen, Lars
Oshiro, Yumi
Ogura, Takashi
Nomura, Tsunehisa
Kurebayashi, Junichi
Kanomata, Naoki
Moriya, Takuya
description Aims Precise evaluation of proliferative activity is essential for the stratified treatment of luminal‐type breast cancer (BC). Immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 has been widely used to determine proliferative activity and is recognised to be a useful prognostic marker. However, there remains discussion concerning the methodology. We aimed to develop an automated and reliable Ki‐67 assessment approach for invasive BC. Materials and results A retrospective study was designed to include two cohorts consisting of 152 and 261 consecutive patients with luminal‐type BC. Representative tissue blocks following surgery were collected, and three serial sections were stained automatically with Ki‐67, pan‐cytokeratin and p63. The whole slides were scanned digitally and aligned using VirtualTripleStaining – an extension to the VirtualDoubleStaining™ technique provided by Visiopharm software. The aligned files underwent automated invasive cancer detection, hot‐spot identification and Ki‐67 counting. The automated scores showed a significant positive correlation with the pathologists' scores (r = 0.82, P 
doi_str_mv 10.1111/his.14140
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Immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 has been widely used to determine proliferative activity and is recognised to be a useful prognostic marker. However, there remains discussion concerning the methodology. We aimed to develop an automated and reliable Ki‐67 assessment approach for invasive BC. Materials and results A retrospective study was designed to include two cohorts consisting of 152 and 261 consecutive patients with luminal‐type BC. Representative tissue blocks following surgery were collected, and three serial sections were stained automatically with Ki‐67, pan‐cytokeratin and p63. The whole slides were scanned digitally and aligned using VirtualTripleStaining – an extension to the VirtualDoubleStaining™ technique provided by Visiopharm software. The aligned files underwent automated invasive cancer detection, hot‐spot identification and Ki‐67 counting. The automated scores showed a significant positive correlation with the pathologists' scores (r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.0001). Among selected patients with curative surgery and standard adjuvant therapies (n = 130), the digitally assessed low Ki‐67 group (&lt;20%) demonstrated a significantly better prognosis (breast cancer‐specific survival, P = 0.030; hazard ratio = 0.038) than the high Ki‐67 group. Conclusions Digital image analysis yielded similar results to the scores determined by experienced pathologists. The prognostic utility was verified in our cohort, and an automated process is expected to have high reproducibility. Although some pitfalls were confirmed and thus need to be monitored by laboratory staff, the application could be utilised for the assessment of BC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0309-0167</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2559</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/his.14140</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>automated pathology ; Automation ; Breast cancer ; Cytokeratin ; digital image analysis ; Image processing ; Invasiveness ; Ki‐67 ; luminal‐type breast cancer ; Medical prognosis ; Patients ; standardisation ; Surgery ; virtual triple staining</subject><ispartof>Histopathology, 2020-09, Vol.77 (3), p.471-480</ispartof><rights>2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4000-c1856c83da6ae81c89c528424df6bdf366999f0e6113df0ab6404d01c1ae19463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4000-c1856c83da6ae81c89c528424df6bdf366999f0e6113df0ab6404d01c1ae19463</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4486-8819</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hida, Akira I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omanovic, Dzenita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Lars</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oshiro, Yumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogura, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nomura, Tsunehisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurebayashi, Junichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanomata, Naoki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moriya, Takuya</creatorcontrib><title>Automated assessment of Ki‐67 in breast cancer: the utility of digital image analysis using virtual triple staining and whole slide imaging</title><title>Histopathology</title><description>Aims Precise evaluation of proliferative activity is essential for the stratified treatment of luminal‐type breast cancer (BC). Immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 has been widely used to determine proliferative activity and is recognised to be a useful prognostic marker. However, there remains discussion concerning the methodology. We aimed to develop an automated and reliable Ki‐67 assessment approach for invasive BC. Materials and results A retrospective study was designed to include two cohorts consisting of 152 and 261 consecutive patients with luminal‐type BC. Representative tissue blocks following surgery were collected, and three serial sections were stained automatically with Ki‐67, pan‐cytokeratin and p63. The whole slides were scanned digitally and aligned using VirtualTripleStaining – an extension to the VirtualDoubleStaining™ technique provided by Visiopharm software. The aligned files underwent automated invasive cancer detection, hot‐spot identification and Ki‐67 counting. The automated scores showed a significant positive correlation with the pathologists' scores (r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.0001). Among selected patients with curative surgery and standard adjuvant therapies (n = 130), the digitally assessed low Ki‐67 group (&lt;20%) demonstrated a significantly better prognosis (breast cancer‐specific survival, P = 0.030; hazard ratio = 0.038) than the high Ki‐67 group. Conclusions Digital image analysis yielded similar results to the scores determined by experienced pathologists. The prognostic utility was verified in our cohort, and an automated process is expected to have high reproducibility. Although some pitfalls were confirmed and thus need to be monitored by laboratory staff, the application could be utilised for the assessment of BC.</description><subject>automated pathology</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cytokeratin</subject><subject>digital image analysis</subject><subject>Image processing</subject><subject>Invasiveness</subject><subject>Ki‐67</subject><subject>luminal‐type breast cancer</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>standardisation</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>virtual triple staining</subject><issn>0309-0167</issn><issn>1365-2559</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10cFq3DAQBmBRUuhm20PfQNBLcnCisWStnVsIabI00EPbs9FK410Frb3VyFl86wsE8ox5ktjZnArRRfDrG8HwM_YVxBmM53zj6QwUKPGBzUDqIsuLojpiMyFFlQnQi0_smOheCFjIPJ-xx8s-dVuT0HFDhERbbBPvGv7DP_970gvuW76KaChxa1qL8YKnDfI--eDTMEHn1z6ZwP3WrJGb1oSBPPGefLvmDz6mfnxM0e8CckrGt1NuWsf3m26Kgnf4Ojzmn9nHxgTCL2_3nP35fv376ja7-3mzvLq8y6wSQmQWykLbUjqjDZZgy8oWealy5Rq9co3UuqqqRqAGkK4RZqWVUE6ABYNQKS3n7OTw7y52f3ukVG89WQzBtNj1VOcKdCUhLyb67T963_Vx3HJSCkq1kFKM6vSgbOyIIjb1Lo47xaEGUU_F1GMx9Wsxoz0_2L0POLwP69vlr8PEC_CokQ8</recordid><startdate>202009</startdate><enddate>202009</enddate><creator>Hida, Akira I</creator><creator>Omanovic, Dzenita</creator><creator>Pedersen, Lars</creator><creator>Oshiro, Yumi</creator><creator>Ogura, Takashi</creator><creator>Nomura, Tsunehisa</creator><creator>Kurebayashi, Junichi</creator><creator>Kanomata, Naoki</creator><creator>Moriya, Takuya</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4486-8819</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202009</creationdate><title>Automated assessment of Ki‐67 in breast cancer: the utility of digital image analysis using virtual triple staining and whole slide imaging</title><author>Hida, Akira I ; 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Immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 has been widely used to determine proliferative activity and is recognised to be a useful prognostic marker. However, there remains discussion concerning the methodology. We aimed to develop an automated and reliable Ki‐67 assessment approach for invasive BC. Materials and results A retrospective study was designed to include two cohorts consisting of 152 and 261 consecutive patients with luminal‐type BC. Representative tissue blocks following surgery were collected, and three serial sections were stained automatically with Ki‐67, pan‐cytokeratin and p63. The whole slides were scanned digitally and aligned using VirtualTripleStaining – an extension to the VirtualDoubleStaining™ technique provided by Visiopharm software. The aligned files underwent automated invasive cancer detection, hot‐spot identification and Ki‐67 counting. The automated scores showed a significant positive correlation with the pathologists' scores (r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.0001). 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subjects automated pathology
Automation
Breast cancer
Cytokeratin
digital image analysis
Image processing
Invasiveness
Ki‐67
luminal‐type breast cancer
Medical prognosis
Patients
standardisation
Surgery
virtual triple staining
title Automated assessment of Ki‐67 in breast cancer: the utility of digital image analysis using virtual triple staining and whole slide imaging
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