Effects of gradual weight loss v. rapid weight loss on body composition and RMR: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of different rates of weight loss (WL), but equivalent total WL, on body composition and RMR. Studies examining gradual v. rapid WL on body composition and RMR in participants with overweight/obesity published up to October 2019 were iden...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of nutrition 2020-12, Vol.124 (11), p.1121-1132
Main Authors: Ashtary-Larky, Damoon, Bagheri, Reza, Abbasnezhad, Amir, Tinsley, Grant M., Alipour, Meysam, Wong, Alexei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Anthropometry
Basal Metabolism - physiology
Bias
Body composition
Body Composition - physiology
Body fat
Body Mass Index
Body weight
Body weight loss
Carbohydrates
Collaboration
Fat-free body mass
Female
Hip
Humans
Male
Meta-analysis
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - physiopathology
Obesity - therapy
Overweight
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Research methodology
Reviews
Systematic review
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Weight control
Weight loss
Weight Loss - physiology
Young Adult
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Summary:This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of different rates of weight loss (WL), but equivalent total WL, on body composition and RMR. Studies examining gradual v. rapid WL on body composition and RMR in participants with overweight/obesity published up to October 2019 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Ovid databases. Meta-analysis was carried out using a fixed or random effects model as appropriate. Although the magnitude of WL was similar (mean difference 0·03 kg, 95 % CI –0·65, 0·71), gradual WL promoted greater reductions in fat mass (FM) (–1 kg, 95 % CI –1·70, –0·29) and body fat percentage (BFP) (–0·83 %, 95 % CI –1·49, –0·17). Gradual WL significantly preserved RMR compared with rapid WL (407·48 kJ, 95 % CI 76·76, 118·01). However, there was no significant difference in waist and hip circumferences, waist:hip ratio and fat-free mass (FFM) between gradual and rapid WL. The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates beneficial effects of gradual WL, as compared with rapid WL, on FM, BFP and RMR in individuals with overweight/obesity. However, FFM changes and anthropometric indices did not significantly differ following different rates of WL.
ISSN:0007-1145
1475-2662
DOI:10.1017/S000711452000224X