Cardiovascular Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Cardiac exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication, stimulate or inhibit the activities of target cells, and affect myocardial hypertrophy, injury and infarction, ventricular remodeling, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. The exosomes that are released in the heart from cardiomyocytes, vascular cel...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2021-04, Vol.14 (2), p.195-212
Main Author: Henning, Robert J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Atherosclerosis - genetics
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Atherosclerosis - physiopathology
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Cardiology
Cardiovascular System - metabolism
Cardiovascular System - pathology
Cardiovascular System - physiopathology
Exosomes - genetics
Exosomes - metabolism
Heart Diseases - genetics
Heart Diseases - metabolism
Heart Diseases - pathology
Heart Diseases - physiopathology
Human Genetics
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism
Myocytes, Cardiac - pathology
Organelle Biogenesis
Review
Stem Cells - metabolism
Stem Cells - pathology
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Cardiac exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication, stimulate or inhibit the activities of target cells, and affect myocardial hypertrophy, injury and infarction, ventricular remodeling, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. The exosomes that are released in the heart from cardiomyocytes, vascular cells, fibroblasts, and resident stem cells are hypoimmunogenic, are physiologically more stable than cardiac cells, can circulate in the body, and are able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Exosomes utilize three mechanisms for cellular communication: (1) internalization by cells, (2) direct fusion to the cell membrane, and (3) receptor-ligand interactions. Cardiac exosomes transmit proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs to other cells during both physiological and pathological process. Cardiac-specific exosome miRNAs can regulate the expression of sarcomeric genes, ion channel genes, autophagy, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic activity, and angiogenesis. This review discusses the role of exosomes and microRNAs in normal myocardium, myocardial injury and infarction, atherosclerosis, and the importance of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of cardiac disease. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:1937-5387
1937-5395
DOI:10.1007/s12265-020-10040-5