Adult mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: Sources, characteristics, and application in regenerative medicine

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a hot topic in the development of cell therapies and bioengineering. All kinds of MSCs are genomic stable and have the self-renewal ability. Main sources of MSCs are bone marrow, adipose tissues, umbilical cord and placental tissues. MSCs can be cultur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life sciences (1973) 2020-09, Vol.256, p.118002-118002, Article 118002
Main Authors: Maqsood, Maria, Kang, Mingzhu, Wu, Xiaotao, Chen, Jinghua, Teng, Liping, Qiu, Lipeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Bioengineering
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Bone marrow
Bone regeneration
Cell self-renewal
Differentiation
Exosomes
Medicine
Mesenchymal stem cells
MSCs
Organs
Placenta
Regeneration (physiology)
Regenerative medicine
Stem cells
Tissue engineering
Umbilical cord
Wound healing
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Summary:Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a hot topic in the development of cell therapies and bioengineering. All kinds of MSCs are genomic stable and have the self-renewal ability. Main sources of MSCs are bone marrow, adipose tissues, umbilical cord and placental tissues. MSCs can be cultured in many undifferentiated passages to grow into more specialized cells, produce secretory factors and also support trophic functions in the body. Exosomes, derived from MSCs also have great potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Exosomes are secreted by MSCs and have the same therapeutic potential as their parent cells. MSCs and their exosomes combined with biomaterials can also be more effective in promoting the regeneration of tissues and organs. However, for use of MSCs-exosomes as a clinical agent different MSCs-exosomes have been manufactured and their therapeutics effects demonstrated in clinical studies. But there are still many characteristics which are unknown and many barriers still need to be conquered. In this review, we not only highlighted the characteristics of human MSCs and their exosomes, but also provided their latest therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0024-3205
1879-0631
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118002