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Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses: Frontal Horns and Cavum Septi Pellucidi Are Clues to Earlier Diagnosis

We hypothesized that: (1) fetal frontal horn (FH) morphology and their proximity to the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) can assist in suspecting complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (cACC) and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (pACC) earlier than known indirect ultrasound (US) findings; (2) FH...

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Published in:Journal of ultrasound in medicine 2020-12, Vol.39 (12), p.2389-2403
Main Authors: Ghassemi, Neda, Rupe, Eric, Perez, Mishella, Lamale-Smith, Leah, Fratto, Victoria M, Farid, Nikdokht, Hahn, Michael, Ramos, Gladys A, Ho, Yoona, Rakow-Penner, Rebecca, Horton, Katelyn, Khan, Sohini, Jones, Marilyn, Pretorius, Dolores H
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creator Ghassemi, Neda
Rupe, Eric
Perez, Mishella
Lamale-Smith, Leah
Fratto, Victoria M
Farid, Nikdokht
Hahn, Michael
Ramos, Gladys A
Ho, Yoona
Rakow-Penner, Rebecca
Horton, Katelyn
Khan, Sohini
Jones, Marilyn
Pretorius, Dolores H
description We hypothesized that: (1) fetal frontal horn (FH) morphology and their proximity to the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) can assist in suspecting complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (cACC) and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (pACC) earlier than known indirect ultrasound (US) findings; (2) FHs assist in differentiating a true CSP from a pseudocavum; and (3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in learning FH morphology and pseudocavum etiology. Thirty-two patients with cACC and 9 with pACC were identified on an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review. Of the 41 cases, 40 had prenatal US, and 21 had prenatal MRI; 17 had follow-up neonatal US, and 14 had follow-up neonatal MRI. Variables evaluated retrospectively were the presence of a CSP or a pseudocavum, ventricle size and shape, and FH shape (comma, trident, parallel, golf club, enlarged, or fused). Displacement between the inferior edge of the FH and the midline or cavum/pseudocavum was measured. Fetal FHs had an abnormal shape in 77% ≤20 weeks' gestation, 86% ≤24 weeks, and 90% >24 weeks. Frontal horns were laterally displaced greater than 2 mm in 85% ≤20 weeks, 91% ≤24 weeks, and 95% >24 weeks. The CSP was absent in 100% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases, and a pseudocavum was present in 88% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases across gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed US pseudocavums to be focal interhemispheric fluid or an elevated/dilated third ventricle. Frontal horns assist in assessing ACC ≤24 weeks and throughout gestation. Pseudocavums, often simulating CSPs, are common in ACC. Frontal horn lateral displacement and abnormal morphology, recognized by MRI correlations, are helpful in differentiating a pseudocavum from a true CSP. A normal CSP should not be cleared on screening US unless normally shaped FHs are seen directly adjacent to it.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jum.15348
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Thirty-two patients with cACC and 9 with pACC were identified on an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review. Of the 41 cases, 40 had prenatal US, and 21 had prenatal MRI; 17 had follow-up neonatal US, and 14 had follow-up neonatal MRI. Variables evaluated retrospectively were the presence of a CSP or a pseudocavum, ventricle size and shape, and FH shape (comma, trident, parallel, golf club, enlarged, or fused). Displacement between the inferior edge of the FH and the midline or cavum/pseudocavum was measured. Fetal FHs had an abnormal shape in 77% ≤20 weeks' gestation, 86% ≤24 weeks, and 90% &gt;24 weeks. Frontal horns were laterally displaced greater than 2 mm in 85% ≤20 weeks, 91% ≤24 weeks, and 95% &gt;24 weeks. The CSP was absent in 100% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases, and a pseudocavum was present in 88% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases across gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed US pseudocavums to be focal interhemispheric fluid or an elevated/dilated third ventricle. Frontal horns assist in assessing ACC ≤24 weeks and throughout gestation. Pseudocavums, often simulating CSPs, are common in ACC. Frontal horn lateral displacement and abnormal morphology, recognized by MRI correlations, are helpful in differentiating a pseudocavum from a true CSP. 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Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed US pseudocavums to be focal interhemispheric fluid or an elevated/dilated third ventricle. Frontal horns assist in assessing ACC ≤24 weeks and throughout gestation. Pseudocavums, often simulating CSPs, are common in ACC. Frontal horn lateral displacement and abnormal morphology, recognized by MRI correlations, are helpful in differentiating a pseudocavum from a true CSP. 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(2) FHs assist in differentiating a true CSP from a pseudocavum; and (3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in learning FH morphology and pseudocavum etiology. 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Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed US pseudocavums to be focal interhemispheric fluid or an elevated/dilated third ventricle. Frontal horns assist in assessing ACC ≤24 weeks and throughout gestation. Pseudocavums, often simulating CSPs, are common in ACC. Frontal horn lateral displacement and abnormal morphology, recognized by MRI correlations, are helpful in differentiating a pseudocavum from a true CSP. A normal CSP should not be cleared on screening US unless normally shaped FHs are seen directly adjacent to it.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>32597533</pmid><doi>10.1002/jum.15348</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-5979</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-1635</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Agenesis of Corpus Callosum - diagnostic imaging
Corpus Callosum
Female
Fetus
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Pregnancy
Retrospective Studies
Septum Pellucidum - diagnostic imaging
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
title Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses: Frontal Horns and Cavum Septi Pellucidi Are Clues to Earlier Diagnosis
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