Sodium Status and Replacement in Children and Adults Living with Cystic Fibrosis: A Narrative Review

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a two- to four-fold higher sodium chloride sweat content compared with healthy controls. This high sweat salt loss increases the risk for electrolyte disturbances, associated with subacute or chronic complications. Sodium status therefore needs to be adequatel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2020-09, Vol.120 (9), p.1517-1529
Main Authors: Declercq, Dimitri, Van Braeckel, Eva, Marchand, Sophie, Van daele, Sabine, Van Biervliet, Stephanie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Child
Child, Preschool
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis - blood
Cystic Fibrosis - complications
Cystic Fibrosis - genetics
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator - blood
Dietary Supplements - statistics & numerical data
Electrolytes - blood
Female
Humans
Hyponatremia - etiology
Infant
Male
Nutritional Status
Pseudo-Bartter syndrome
Salt
Sodium
Sodium - blood
Sodium - deficiency
Sodium Chloride - administration & dosage
Sodium Chloride - analysis
Sweat - chemistry
Water-Electrolyte Balance
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Summary:Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a two- to four-fold higher sodium chloride sweat content compared with healthy controls. This high sweat salt loss increases the risk for electrolyte disturbances, associated with subacute or chronic complications. Sodium status therefore needs to be adequately monitored and salt intake adjusted to individual needs. The lack of current evidence to formulate specific recommendations and assess sodium status is reflected in a variability of recommendations in international guidelines. This narrative review presents an overview of the current evidence. Infants with CF in particular are at risk for severe sodium deficiency, potentially leading to metabolic alkalosis due to low intake and high sweat losses. More research on the assessment of sodium status and efficacy of sodium chloride supplements in the population of patients with CF, especially given the changing era of CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulatory treatment, is warranted.
ISSN:2212-2672
2212-2680
DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.011