Use of vertebral left atrial size for staging of dogs with myxomatous valve disease

• Published in: Journal of veterinary cardiology 2020-08, Vol.30, p.92-99
• Main Authors: Mikawa, S., Nagakawa, M., Ogi, H., Akabane, R., Koyama, Y., Sakatani, A., Ogawa, M., Miyakawa, H., Shigemoto, J., Tokuriki, T., Toda, N., Miyagawa, Y., Takemura, N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Canine; Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Dogs; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Atria - diagnostic imaging; Male; Mitral Valve Insufficiency - diagnostic imaging; Mitral Valve Insufficiency - veterinary; Mitral valve regurgitation; Pimobendan; Radiography; Radiography, Thoracic - veterinary; Records - veterinary; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index
• ISSN: 1760-2734; 1875-0834
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.06.001

The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines suggest that pimobendan should be initiated in dogs which meet all criteria of stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD): murmur intensity ≥ 3/6, left atrial-to-aortic ratio ≥ 1.6, normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole ≥ 1.7, and vertebral heart size > 10.5. Recently, a new radiographic index for left atrial enlargement, vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), was proposed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether VLAS is useful in staging MMVD and if it can distinguish between ACVIM stages B1 and B2. Ninety-seven client-owned dogs with MMVD were evaluated and classified as ACVIM stage B1, B2, or C-D. The echocardiographs and radiographs of all the dogs were retrospectively evaluated to obtain left atrial-to-aortic ratio, normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole, and VLAS values. The data were analyzed to assess the correlation between these measurements and VLAS, and the optimal cutoff value of VLAS was determined. A VLAS cutoff value of 2.6 provided the greatest diagnostic accuracy for identification of dogs with ACVIM stage B2 MMVD (area under the curve, 0.96; sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 84%). A VLAS ≥2.5 exhibited the highest sensitivity (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 78%), and a VLAS ≥ 3.1 exhibited the highest specificity (sensitivity, 47%; specificity, 100%). VLAS is a helpful index for monitoring MMVD using radiography. A VLAS cutoff value of 2.5 could be used to identify dogs that may benefit from echocardiography to determine if they have reached ACVIM stage B2.