Telomere Length, Traditional Risk Factors, Factors Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Coronary Artery Disease Events in Swiss Persons Living With HIV

• Published in: Clinical infectious diseases 2021-10, Vol.73 (7), p.e2070-e2076
• Main Authors: Engel, Tanja, Raffenberg, Marieke, Schoepf, Isabella C, Kootstra, Neeltje A, Reiss, Peter, Thorball, Christian W, Hasse, Barbara, Hirzel, Cédric, Wissel, Kerstin, Roth, Jan A, Bernasconi, Enos, Darling, Katharine E A, Calmy, Alexandra, Fellay, Jacques, Kouyos, Roger D, Günthard, Huldrych F, Ledergerber, Bruno, Tarr, Philip E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1058-4838; 1537-6591
• DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1034

BACKGROUNDLeukocyte telomere length (TL) shortens with age and is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) events in the general population. Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) may have accelerated atherosclerosis and shorter TL than the general population. It is unknown whether TL is associated with CAD in PLWH. METHODSWe measured TL by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in white Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants. Cases had a first CAD event during 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. We matched 1-3 PLWH controls without CAD events on sex, age, and observation time. We obtained univariable and multivariable odds ratios (OR) for CAD from conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTSWe included 333 cases (median age 54 years; 14% women; 83% with suppressed HIV RNA) and 745 controls. Median time (interquartile range) of TL measurement was 9.4 (5.9-13.8) years prior to CAD event. Compared to the 1st (shortest) TL quintile, participants in the 5th (longest) TL quintile had univariable and multivariable CAD event OR = 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], .35-.91) and OR = 0.54 (95% CI, .31-.96). Multivariable OR for current smoking was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.27-2.92), dyslipidemia OR = 1.92 (95% CI, 1.41-2.63), and for recent abacavir, cumulative lopinavir, indinavir, and darunavir exposure was OR = 1.82 (95% CI, 1.27-2.59), OR = 2.02 (95% CI, 1.34-3.04), OR = 3.42 (95% CI, 2.14-5.45), and OR = 1.66 (95% CI, 1.00-2.74), respectively. The TL-CAD association remained significant when adjusting only for Framingham risk score, when excluding TL outliers, and when adjusting for CMV-seropositivity, HCV-seropositivity, time spent with detectable HIV viremia, and injection drug use. CONCLUSIONSIn PLWH, TL measured >9 years before, is independently associated with CAD events after adjusting for multiple traditional and HIV-related factors.