Maternal and fetal vitamin D and their roles in mineral homeostasis and fetal bone development

During pregnancy, female physiology adapts to meet the additional mineral demands of the developing fetus. Meanwhile, the fetus actively transports minerals across the placenta and maintains high circulating levels to mineralize the rapidly developing skeleton. Most of this mineral is accreted durin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of endocrinological investigation 2021-04, Vol.44 (4), p.643-659
Main Authors: Ryan, B. A., Kovacs, C. S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Adaptation
Animal models
Bone turnover
Calcitriol
Calcium homeostasis
Calcium phosphates
Endocrinology
Fetuses
Genetic disorders
Homeostasis
Internal Medicine
Magnesium
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Minerals
Nutrient deficiency
Physiology
Placenta
Pregnancy
Review
Skeleton
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:During pregnancy, female physiology adapts to meet the additional mineral demands of the developing fetus. Meanwhile, the fetus actively transports minerals across the placenta and maintains high circulating levels to mineralize the rapidly developing skeleton. Most of this mineral is accreted during the last trimester, including 30 g of calcium, 20 g of phosphate and 0.8 g of magnesium. Given the dependence of calcium homeostasis on vitamin D and calcitriol in the adult and child, it may be expected that vitamin D sufficiency would be even more critical during pregnancy and fetal development. However, the pregnant mother and fetus appear to meet their mineral needs independent of vitamin D. Adaptations in maternal mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy appear to be invoked independent of maternal vitamin D, while fetal mineral metabolism and skeletal development appear to be protected from vitamin D deficiency and genetic disorders of vitamin D physiology. This review discusses key data from both animal models and human studies to address our current knowledge on the role of vitamin D and calcitriol during pregnancy and fetal development.
ISSN:1720-8386
0391-4097
1720-8386
DOI:10.1007/s40618-020-01387-2