Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio head kidney leukocytes to E.coli LPS as modified by different dietary plant oils

• Published in: Developmental and comparative immunology 2021-01, Vol.114, p.103828-103828, Article 103828
• Main Authors: Nguyen, Thi Mai, Mandiki, Syaghalirwa N.M., Salomon, Jean M.A.J., Baruti, Joel Bondekwe, Thi, Nang Thu Tran, Nguyen, Thu Hang, Nhu, Truong Quynh, Kestemont, Patrick
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal tissues; Animals; Arachidonic acid; Carp; Carps - immunology; Cell culture; Cells, Cultured; Cyprinus carpio; Cytokine; Cytokines; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - metabolism; Cytoprotection - genetics; Diet; Dietary supplements; Docosahexaenoic acid; E coli; Eicosanoid; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli - physiology; Escherichia coli Infections - immunology; Exposure; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism; Fish; Fish oils; Fish Proteins - genetics; Fish Proteins - metabolism; Gene expression; Gram-negative bacteria; Head Kidney - immunology; Immune status; Immunoglobulins; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Inflammatory response; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 6; Interleukin 8; Kidneys; LC-PUFAs; Leukocytes; Leukocytes - immunology; Linseed oil; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - immunology; Liquid oxygen; Metabolism; NF-κB protein; NO activity; Pattern recognition; Peroxidase; Plant Oils - metabolism; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prostaglandin E2; Sesame oil; Total Ig; Transforming growth factor-b1; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 0145-305X; 1879-0089
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103828

Dietary lipids could modify fatty acid (FA) composition in fish tissues. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are able to modulate the immune status in fish through an inflammatory process but their availability may be limited when fish are exclusively fed plant oils. This study was conducted to evaluate how to maximise the utilisation of dietary plant oil for an efficient inflammatory response in common carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) exposed to a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). HKLs were isolated from fish fed cod liver oil (CLO), linseed oil (LO), sesame oil (SO) a blend of SO and LO (SLO, v:v 1:1), and these plant oil diets supplemented with DHA (SO + DHA, SOD) or ARA (LO + ARA, LOA) for 6 weeks. Cells were then exposed to LPS at a dose of 10 μg/mL for 4 and 24 h. Peroxidase activity, total Ig, and NO levels were measured in the culture medium, while cells were used for expression analyses of candidate genes in pattern recognition (tlr-4), eicosanoid metabolism (pge2, 5-lox), pro-inflammatory (il-1, il-6, il-8, tnf-α, nf-kb, inos, cxc), anti-inflammatory (il-10, nf-kbi, tgf-β1) responses, and cytoprotective (gpx-1, prdx-3) processes. Results showed that LPS induced significantly inflammatory responses, evidenced by a high level of almost all the targeted humoral immune parameters and/or gene expression. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators was upregulated after 4 h-LPS exposure and reverted to basal levels after 24 h. HKLs from fish fed SLO, LOA, or SOD diet exhibited a more efficient regulation of acute inflammatory processes than those fed CLO diet. The results indicate that the immune competence of fish fed plant oil mixture was comparable to the one of fish fed fish oil diet. Moreover, the supplementation of ARA or DHA induced similar immunomodulation in common carp. •E. coli lipopolysaccharides induced inflammatory responses in common carp kidney leukocytes.•Inflammatory mediator expressions increased after 4 h of in vitro LPS exposure.•Immunocompetence of common carp fed a blend of plant oils was similar to the one of fish oil-fed fish.•ARA or DHA supplementation in plant oil diets modified the immunomodulation in carp.