Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2

Abstract Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology tests are clinically useful to document prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. Data are urgently needed to select assays with optimal sensitivity at acceptable specificity for antibody detection. Methods A comparative ev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of clinical pathology 2020-10, Vol.154 (5), p.610-619
Main Authors: Herroelen, Pauline H, Martens, Geert A, De Smet, Dieter, Swaerts, Koen, Decavele, An-Sofie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Betacoronavirus - pathogenicity
Clinical Laboratory Techniques
Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis
Coronavirus Infections - immunology
COVID-19
Humans
Immunity, Humoral - immunology
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis
Pneumonia, Viral - immunology
SARS Virus - immunology
SARS-CoV-2
Sensitivity and Specificity
Serologic Tests - methods
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Summary:Abstract Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology tests are clinically useful to document prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. Data are urgently needed to select assays with optimal sensitivity at acceptable specificity for antibody detection. Methods A comparative evaluation was performed of 7 commercial SARS-CoV-2 serology assays on 171 sera from 135 subjects with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (71 hospitalized patients and 64 paucisymptomatic individuals). Kinetics of IgA/IgM/IgG seroconversion to viral N and S protein epitopes were studied from 0 to 54 days after onset of symptoms. Cross-reactivity was verified on 57 prepandemic samples. Results Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Orient Gene COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test showed superior overall sensitivity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay and EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined IgG/IgA showed acceptable sensitivity (>95%) vs the consensus result of all assays from 10 days post onset of symptoms. Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, and Innovita 2019-nCoV Ab rapid test showed least cross-reactivity, resulting in an optimal analytical specificity greater than 98%. Conclusions Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are suitable for sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 10 days after onset of symptoms.
ISSN:0002-9173
1943-7722
DOI:10.1093/ajcp/aqaa140