Phenotypic, Phytochemical, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Black Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Pericarp in Response to Light Quality

Black sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is characterized by the black appearance of the pericarp and production of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DOA), which are valued for their cytotoxicity to cancer cells and as natural food colorants and antioxidant additives. The black pericarp phenotype is not f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2020-09, Vol.68 (37), p.9917-9929
Main Authors: Fedenia, Lauren, Klein, Robert R, Dykes, Linda, Rooney, William L, Klein, Patricia E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry
Color
Flavonoids - biosynthesis
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - radiation effects
Genotype
Phenotype
Phytochemicals - metabolism
Pigmentation - radiation effects
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Seeds - chemistry
Seeds - genetics
Seeds - metabolism
Seeds - radiation effects
Sorghum - chemistry
Sorghum - genetics
Sorghum - metabolism
Sorghum - radiation effects
Transcriptome
Ultraviolet Rays
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Summary:Black sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is characterized by the black appearance of the pericarp and production of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DOA), which are valued for their cytotoxicity to cancer cells and as natural food colorants and antioxidant additives. The black pericarp phenotype is not fully penetrant in all environments, which implicates the light spectrum and/or photoperiod as the critical factor for trait expression. In this study, black- or red-pericarp genotypes were grown under regimes of visible light, visible light supplemented with UVA or supplemented with UVA plus UVB (or dark control). Pericarp 3-DOAs and pericarp pigmentation were maximized in the black genotype exposed to a light regime supplemented with UVB. Changes in gene expression during black pericarp development revealed that ultraviolet light activates genes related to plant defense, reactive oxygen species, and secondary metabolism, suggesting that 3-DOA accumulation is associated with activation of flavonoid biosynthesis and several overlapping defense and stress signaling pathways.
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02657