Key transporters leading to specific protoporphyrin IX accumulation in cancer cell following administration of aminolevulinic acid in photodynamic therapy/diagnosis

The administration of aminolevulinic acid allow the formation and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX specifically in cancer cells, which then lead to photocytotoxicity following light irradiation. This compound, when accumulated at high levels, could also be used in cancer diagnosis as it would emit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of clinical oncology 2021-01, Vol.26 (1), p.26-33
Main Authors: Lai, Hung Wei, Nakayama, Taku, Ogura, Shun-ichiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid - therapeutic use
Cancer
Cancer Research
Diagnosis
Humans
Invited Review Article
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolites
Microenvironments
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Oncology
Photochemotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
Photosensitizing Agents
Protoporphyrin
Protoporphyrin IX
Protoporphyrins
Radiation
Surgical Oncology
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Summary:The administration of aminolevulinic acid allow the formation and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX specifically in cancer cells, which then lead to photocytotoxicity following light irradiation. This compound, when accumulated at high levels, could also be used in cancer diagnosis as it would emit red fluorescence when being light irradiated. The concentration of protoporphyrin IX is pivotal in ensuring the effectiveness of the therapy. Studies have been carried out and showed the importance of various transporters in regulating the amount of these substrates by controlling the transport of various related metabolites in and out of the cell. There are many transporters involved and their expression levels are dependent on various factors, such as oxygen availability and iron ions. It is also important to note that these transporters may also have different expression levels depending on their organ. Understanding the mechanisms and the roles of these transporters are essential to ensure maximum accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, leading to higher efficiency in photodynamic therapy/diagnosis. In this review, we would like to discuss the roles of various transporters in protoporphyrin IX accumulation and how their involvement directly affect cancerous microenvironment.
ISSN:1341-9625
1437-7772
DOI:10.1007/s10147-020-01766-y