Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis as a Target for Improved Post-Surgical Outcomes and Improved Patient Care: A Review of Current Literature

ABSTRACTCritical illness results in significant changes in the human gut microbiota, leading to the breakdown of the intestinal barrier function, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction. Patients with sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a profoundly di...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Ga.), 2021-04, Vol.55 (4), p.441-454
Main Authors: Mustansir Dawoodbhoy, Fatema, Patel, Bharati Kadamb, Patel, Kadamb, Bhatia, Madhav, Lee, Chuen Neng, Moochhala, Shabbir M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Dysbiosis - etiology
Dysbiosis - prevention & control
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Patient Care - standards
Postoperative Complications - etiology
Postoperative Complications - prevention & control
Respiratory Distress Syndrome - complications
Sepsis - complications
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:ABSTRACTCritical illness results in significant changes in the human gut microbiota, leading to the breakdown of the intestinal barrier function, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction. Patients with sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a profoundly distorted intestinal microbiota rhythm, which plays a considerable role in the development of gut-derived infections and intestinal dysbiosis. Despite recent medical developments, post-surgical complications are associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Bacterial translocation (BT), which is the movement of bacteria and bacterial products across the intestinal barrier, was shown to be a mechanism behind sepsis. Current research is focusing on a solution by addressing significant factors that contribute to intestinal dysbiosis, which subsequently leads to multiple organ failure and, thus, mortality. It may, however, be challenging to manipulate the microbiota in critically ill patients for enhanced therapeutic gain. Probiotic manipulation is advantageous for maintaining the gut–barrier defense and for modulating the immune response. Based on available published research, this review aims to address the application of potential strategies in the intensive care unit (ICU), supplemented with current therapeutics by the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant, to reduce post-surgical complications of sepsis/ARDS in critically ill patients.
ISSN:1073-2322
1540-0514
DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001654