The critical closing pressure contribution to dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans: influence of arterial partial pressure of CO2

• Published in: The Journal of physiology 2020-12, Vol.598 (24), p.5673-5685
• Main Authors: Panerai, Ronney B., Minhas, Jatinder S., Llwyd, Osian, Salinet, Angela S. M., Katsogridakis, Emmanuel, Maggio, Paola, Robinson, Thompson G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: arterial blood pressure; autoregulation index; Blood flow; Blood pressure; Carbon dioxide; Cerebral blood flow; cerebrovascular resistance; Doppler effect; EKG; Heart rate; Hypercapnia; Respiration; Ultrasound
• ISSN: 0022-3751; 1469-7793
• DOI: 10.1113/JP280439

Key points Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) is often expressed by the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)–cerebral blood flow (CBF) relationship, with little attention given to the dynamic relationship between MAP and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). In CBF velocity (CBFV) recordings with transcranial Doppler, evidence demonstrates that CVR should be replaced by a combination of a resistance–area product (RAP) with a critical closing pressure (CrCP) parameter, the blood pressure value where CBFV reaches zero due to vessels collapsing. Transfer function analysis of the MAP–CBFV relationship can be extended to the MAP–RAP and MAP–CrCP relationships, to assess their contribution to the dynamic CA response. During normocapnia, both RAP and CrCP make a significant contribution to explaining the MAP–CBFV relationship. Hypercapnia, a surrogate state of depressed CA, leads to marked changes in dynamic CA, that are entirely explained by the CrCP response, without further contribution from RAP in comparison with normocapnia. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) is manifested by changes in the diameter of intra‐cerebral vessels, which control cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). We investigated the contribution of critical closing pressure (CrCP), an important determinant of CVR, to explain the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to a sudden change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). In 76 healthy subjects (age range 21–70 years, 36 women), recordings of MAP (Finometer), CBF velocity (CBFV; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), end‐tidal CO2 (capnography) and heart rate (ECG) were performed for 5 min at rest (normocapnia) and during hypercapnia induced by breathing 5% CO2 in air. CrCP and the resistance–area product (RAP) were obtained for each cardiac cycle and their dynamic response to a step change in MAP was calculated by means of transfer function analysis. The recovery of the CBFV response, following a step change in MAP, was mainly due to the contribution of RAP during both breathing conditions. However, CrCP made a highly significant contribution during normocapnia (P