Genotoxicity and neonatal subchronic toxicity assessment of a novel mixture of the human‐identical milk oligosaccharides lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I and 2′‐fucosyllactose

• Published in: Journal of applied toxicology 2021-04, Vol.41 (4), p.632-649
• Main Authors: Phipps, Kirt R., Lynch, Barry, Stannard, Diane R., Gilby, Ben, Baldwin, Nigel, Mikš, Marta Hanna, Lau, Annette, Röhrig, Christoph H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2′‐fucosyllactose; Baby foods; Biocompatibility; Biosynthesis; Biotechnology; Body weight; Breast milk; Breastfeeding & lactation; Dosage; Food; Food consumption; food ingredient; Fructooligosaccharides; Genotoxicity; human milk oligosaccharide; human‐identical milk oligosaccharide; In vitro methods and tests; infant formula; lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I; Mammals; Mutation; neonatal; Neonates; Oligosaccharides; Safety; subchronic toxicity; Toxicity
• ISSN: 0260-437X; 1099-1263
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.4071

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a complex group of bioactive molecules largely observed in human breast milk but also occurring in limited amounts in other mammalian milks. Advances in biotechnology have enabled production of human‐identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMOs), structurally identical molecules to HMOs found naturally in human milk, intended for addition to infant formula to more closely replicate breast milk. Biosynthesis of a novel mixture of two major HMOs, lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I and 2′‐fucosyllactose (LNFP‐I/2′‐FL), recently became possible. To support the safety of LNFP‐I/2′‐FL for use in infant formula and other foods, it was subject to a safety assessment comprising a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test, and a 90‐day oral gavage study in neonatal rats. In the 90‐day study (the first HiMO study to include the new endocrine‐sensitive endpoints described in the 2018 version of OECD Test Guideline 408), LNFP‐I/2′‐FL was administered by oral gavage to neonatal rats once daily (from Day 7 of age) for 90 consecutive days, at doses up to 5000 mg/kg bw/day, followed by a 4‐week recovery period. Concurrent reference controls received 5000 mg/kg bw/day of the approved infant formula ingredient oligofructose. LNFP‐I/2′‐FL was nongenotoxic in vitro. The highest dose tested (5000 mg/kg bw/day) was established as the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level in the 90‐day study, as there were no test article‐related adverse effects on clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, clinical pathology, and organ weights nor any noteworthy macroscopic or microscopic findings. This supports the safety of LNFP‐I/2′‐FL for its intended uses in food. The safety of a novel mixture of the human‐identical milk oligosaccharides lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I and 2′‐fucosyllactose (LNFP‐I/2′‐FL) was assessed via in vitro genotoxicity tests and a 90‐day oral gavage toxicity study in neonatal rats. LNFP‐I/2′‐FL was nongenotoxic in vitro, and in the absence of any test item‐related adverse effects in the 90‐day study, 5000 mg/kg bw/day (the highest dose tested) was established as the NOAEL. These results support the safety of LNFP‐I/2′‐FL for its intended uses in food.