Chemical characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory properties of Canthium coromandelicum, a valuable source for bioactive compounds

• Published in: Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 2021-01, Vol.192, p.113620-113620, Article 113620
• Main Authors: Amalraj, Singamoorthy, Krupa, Jayaraj, Sriramavaratharajan, Venkatraman, Mariyammal, Veemarasu, Murugan, Ramar, Ayyanar, Muniappan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antidiabetic; Antioxidant; Canthium coromandelicum; Chemical composition
• ISSN: 0731-7085; 1873-264X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113620

[Display omitted] •Chemical characterization of leaf extract showed 65 compounds with rich in total phenolics and flavonoids.•Leaf extract showed significant free radical scavenging abilities by eight in vitro antioxidant assays.•CCLE exhibited excellent in vitro antidiabetic activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory enzymes.•Some of the extracts inhibited the growth of selected pathogenic bacteria comparable to the standard. The present study aimed at chemical characterization of Canthium coromandelicum leaf extracts (CCLE) and their in vitro pharmacological (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial) activities. Chemical characterization includes chemical profile of six extracts of CC by Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and total phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was determined using eight assays. Enzymatic inhibitory property was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays and antibacterial activity was studied against 10 pathogenic bacteria by agar disc diffusion method. GC–MS analysis enabled the identification of 65 compounds with palmitic acid, n-pentacosane, cycloartenol, linoleic acid, squalene, γ-sitosterol, nonacosane and α-tocopherol as major constituents of CCLE. Highest amount of total phenolics (58.03 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (44.40 QE/g) was present in hydroalcoholic extract. Hydroalcoholic, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed significant free radical scavenging abilities and positive correlation was detected between antioxidant assays with recorded phenolics and flavonoids. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts exhibited significant α-amylase (IC50 of 44.25 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 of 30.82 μg/mL) respectively.Methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts at 750 μg/mL showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. typhi and S. flexneri respectively. Also, significant correlation was found between V. cholerae and R. equi as well as V. cholerae and S. epidermis. To conclude, C. coromandelicum could be considered as a natural antioxidant and potential source for therapeutic applications. However, widespread study is necessary to screen the role of recorded phytochemicals through in vivo studies to support its use in traditional medicine.