Urinary sodium and iodine concentrations among Belgian adults: results from the first national Health Examination Survey

Background/objectives Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intakes have adverse health consequences. The objective was to measure sodium and iodine concentrations in urine spot samples among a representative sample of Belgian adults and compare those to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of clinical nutrition 2021-04, Vol.75 (4), p.689-696
Main Authors: Vandevijvere, Stefanie, Ruttens, Ann, Wilmet, Alain, Marien, Cédric, Hautekiet, Pauline, Van Loco, Joris, Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo, Van der Heyden, Johan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Adults
Analysis
Body height
Clinical Nutrition
Creatinine
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Health aspects
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Internal Medicine
Iodine
Iodine deficiency diseases
Iodine in the body
Ion selective electrodes
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Mathematical analysis
Measurement
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition
Polls & surveys
Public Health
Salt
Salts
Sodium
Sodium in the body
Thyroid
Thyroid gland
Urine
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Summary:Background/objectives Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intakes have adverse health consequences. The objective was to measure sodium and iodine concentrations in urine spot samples among a representative sample of Belgian adults and compare those to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Subjects/methods Spot urine samples were collected in 2018 from participants of the Belgian Health Examination Survey. Iodine and sodium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion selective electrodes respectively. Tanaka and INTERSALT equations were used to predict 24-h urinary sodium excretion using sodium and creatinine concentration in spot samples, sex, and measured height and weight. Results Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among adults ( n  = 1092) was 93.6 µg/L, indicating mild iodine deficiency according to WHO thresholds. Median UIC among participants who reported thyroid problems over the last year was significantly higher than among those who did not report thyroid problems (104.1 µg/L versus UIC = 92.2 µg/L, p  
ISSN:0954-3007
1476-5640
DOI:10.1038/s41430-020-00766-5