A modern era of personalized medicine in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer

• Published in: Computers in biology and medicine 2020-11, Vol.126, p.104020-104020, Article 104020
• Main Authors: Lakshmanan, Vinoth-Kumar, Ojha, Shreesh, Jung, Young Do
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Androgens; Bioinformatics; Biomarkers; Blood circulation; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Customization; Diagnosis; Diagnostic systems; DNA microarrays; Drug design; Gene expression; Genomics; Health services; Immune response; Inflammasomes; Laboratories; Medical diagnosis; Medical prognosis; Medicine; Metastases; Metastasis; Microarray; Mutation; Next-generation sequencing; Performance measurement; Precision medicine; Prognosis; Prostate cancer; Proteins; Proteomics; Secretions; Translation; Translational bioinformatics; Tumors
• ISSN: 0010-4825; 1879-0534
• DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104020

The present era is witnessing rapid advancements in the field of medical informatics and modern healthcare management. The role of translational bioinformatics (TBI), an infant discipline in the field of medical informatics, is pivotal in this revolution. The development of high-throughput technologies [e.g., microarrays, next-generation sequencing (NGS)] has propelled TBI to the next stage in this modern era of medical informatics. In this review, we assess the promising translational outcomes of microarray- and NGS-based discovery of genes, proteins, micro RNAs, and other active biological compounds aiding in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) to improve treatment strategies at the localized and/or metastatic stages in patients. Several promising candidate biomarkers in circulating blood (miR-25–3p and miR-18b-5p), urine (miR-95, miR-21, miR-19a, and miR-19b), and prostatic secretions (miR-203) have been identified. AURKA and MYCN, novel candidate biomarkers, were found to be specifically expressed in neuroendocrine PCa. The use of BTNL2 gene mutations and inflammasomes as biomarkers in immune function-mediated, inherited PCa has also been elucidated based on NGS data. Although TBI discoveries can benefit clinical performance metrics, the translational potential and the in vivo performance of TBI outcomes need to be verified. In conclusion, TBI aids in the effective clinical management of PCa; furthermore, the fate of personalized/precision medicine mostly relies on the enhanced diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of TBI. •Role of Translational Bioinformatics (TBI), in the field of medical informatics.•Focusing on the translational outcomes of microarray, NGS and active biological compounds.•Candidate biomarkers from blood aids clinician in effectively grading Prostate Cancer.•TBI aids into recognition of diagnosis, prognosis in order to help in the development of Prostate cancer treatment.