Low carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific mortality

Evidence is limited regarding the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and mortality among Asians, a population that consumes a large amount of carbohydrates. The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score (based on percentage of energy as carbo...

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Published in:Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Scotland), 2021-04, Vol.40 (4), p.2016-2024
Main Authors: Akter, Shamima, Mizoue, Tetsuya, Nanri, Akiko, Goto, Atsushi, Noda, Mitsuhiko, Sawada, Norie, Yamaji, Taiki, Iwasaki, Motoki, Inoue, Manami, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Ninue, M., Yamaji, T., Goto, A., Shimazu, T.T., Charvat, H., Budhathoki, S., Muto, M., Suzuki, H., Miamizono, T., Kobayashi, Y., Iriei, M., Doi, M., Katagiri, M., Tagami, T., Sou, Y., Uehara, M., Hakubo, Y., Yamagishi, Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawauchi, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Iso, H., Sovue, T., Sito, I., Yasuda, N., Mimura, M., Sakata, K.
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Language:English
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Cancer mortality
Cardiovascular disease mortality
Low carbohydrate diet
Mortality
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creator Akter, Shamima
Mizoue, Tetsuya
Nanri, Akiko
Goto, Atsushi
Noda, Mitsuhiko
Sawada, Norie
Yamaji, Taiki
Iwasaki, Motoki
Inoue, Manami
Tsugane, Shoichiro
Tsugane, S.
Sawada, N.
Iwasaki, M.
Ninue, M.
Yamaji, T.
Goto, A.
Shimazu, T.T.
Charvat, H.
Budhathoki, S.
Muto, M.
Suzuki, H.
Miamizono, T.
Kobayashi, Y.
Iriei, M.
Doi, M.
Katagiri, M.
Tagami, T.
Sou, Y.
Uehara, M.
Hakubo, Y.
Yamagishi
Noda, M.
Mizoue, T.
Kawauchi, Y.
Nakamura, K.
Takachi, R.
Ishihara, J.
Iso, H.
Sovue, T.
Sito, I.
Yasuda, N.
Mimura, M.
Sakata, K.
description Evidence is limited regarding the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and mortality among Asians, a population that consumes a large amount of carbohydrates. The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score (based on percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein) and the risk of total and cause-specific mortality among Asians. This study was a prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 16.9 years involving 43008 men and 50646 women aged 45–75 years. Association of LCD score, LCD score based on animal sources of protein and fat, and LCD score based on plant sources of protein and fat with risk of mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) (P-non-linearity
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.022
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The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score (based on percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein) and the risk of total and cause-specific mortality among Asians. This study was a prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 16.9 years involving 43008 men and 50646 women aged 45–75 years. Association of LCD score, LCD score based on animal sources of protein and fat, and LCD score based on plant sources of protein and fat with risk of mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) (P-non-linearity &lt;0.01). A similar association was found for mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart disease. LCD score based on carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal fat also showed a U-shaped association for total mortality (P-non-linearity &lt;0.01). In contrast, LCD score based on carbohydrate, plant protein, and plant fat was linearly associated with lower total (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94 for highest versus lowest quintile), CVD [0.82 (0.73, 0.92)], heart disease [0.83 (0.71, 0.98)], and cerebrovascular disease [0.75 (0.62, 0.91) mortality. Both LCD with high animal protein and fat and high-carbohydrate diet with low animal protein and fat were associated with higher risk of mortality. 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The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score (based on percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein) and the risk of total and cause-specific mortality among Asians. This study was a prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 16.9 years involving 43008 men and 50646 women aged 45–75 years. Association of LCD score, LCD score based on animal sources of protein and fat, and LCD score based on plant sources of protein and fat with risk of mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) (P-non-linearity &lt;0.01). A similar association was found for mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart disease. LCD score based on carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal fat also showed a U-shaped association for total mortality (P-non-linearity &lt;0.01). In contrast, LCD score based on carbohydrate, plant protein, and plant fat was linearly associated with lower total (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94 for highest versus lowest quintile), CVD [0.82 (0.73, 0.92)], heart disease [0.83 (0.71, 0.98)], and cerebrovascular disease [0.75 (0.62, 0.91) mortality. Both LCD with high animal protein and fat and high-carbohydrate diet with low animal protein and fat were associated with higher risk of mortality. 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The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score (based on percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein) and the risk of total and cause-specific mortality among Asians. This study was a prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 16.9 years involving 43008 men and 50646 women aged 45–75 years. Association of LCD score, LCD score based on animal sources of protein and fat, and LCD score based on plant sources of protein and fat with risk of mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) (P-non-linearity &lt;0.01). A similar association was found for mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart disease. LCD score based on carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal fat also showed a U-shaped association for total mortality (P-non-linearity &lt;0.01). In contrast, LCD score based on carbohydrate, plant protein, and plant fat was linearly associated with lower total (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94 for highest versus lowest quintile), CVD [0.82 (0.73, 0.92)], heart disease [0.83 (0.71, 0.98)], and cerebrovascular disease [0.75 (0.62, 0.91) mortality. Both LCD with high animal protein and fat and high-carbohydrate diet with low animal protein and fat were associated with higher risk of mortality. 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language eng
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source ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Cancer mortality
Cardiovascular disease mortality
Low carbohydrate diet
Mortality
title Low carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific mortality
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