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Plastic waste from marine environment: Demonstration of possible routes for recycling by different manufacturing technologies
[Display omitted] •The composition of marine plastic waste, and its recyclability were reviewed.•Test method was developed to simulate marine conditions.•Reduction in molecular weight due to weathering was mathematically expressed.•Manufacturing tests were performed with five different technologies....
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Published in: | Waste management (Elmsford) 2021-01, Vol.119, p.101-110 |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | [Display omitted]
•The composition of marine plastic waste, and its recyclability were reviewed.•Test method was developed to simulate marine conditions.•Reduction in molecular weight due to weathering was mathematically expressed.•Manufacturing tests were performed with five different technologies.•Functional tests were carried out on samples, made from weathered PET.
The increasing amount of marine plastic waste poses challenges including, not only the collection, but also the subsequent recyclability of the plastic. An artificial accelerated weathering procedure was developed, which modelled the marine environment and investigated the recyclability of weathered and non-weathered PET. Marine conditions were simulated for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle material and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) cap material. It consisted of 2520 h cyclical weathering, alternating the sample between a salt spray and a Xenon-chamber—this corresponds to roughly 3–4 years on the surface of an ocean.
It was proved that the molecular weight of PET is a function of weathering time and can be described mathematically. Microscopic examination of the surface of the PET bottles and HDPE caps proved that these surfaces were damaged. After weathering, manufacturing tests were performed on the PET material by extrusion, injection moulding, 3D printing and thermoforming. Quantitative comparison between products manufactured by the same technology was performed in order to compare the qualities of products made from original PET, non-weathered PET waste, which was the example of classical recycling, and weathered PET. In the case of products made from weathered PET, certain mechanical and optical properties (e.g. impact strength and transparency) were significantly impaired compared to the original PET and the recycled, non-weathered PET. Certain other properties (e.g. strength and rigidity) did not change significantly. It was proved that the samples from weathered plastic material can be successfully recycled mechanically and used to manufacture plastic products. |
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ISSN: | 0956-053X 1879-2456 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.029 |