3D Echocardiography Provides Highly Accurate 3D Printed Models in Congenital Heart Disease

Cardiac 3D printing is mainly performed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) 3D datasets, though anatomic detail of atrioventricular (AV) valves may be limited. 3D echo provides excellent visualization of AV valves. Thus, we tested the feasibility and accuracy of 3D pri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric cardiology 2021, Vol.42 (1), p.131-141
Main Authors: Mowers, K. L., Fullerton, J. B., Hicks, D., Singh, G. K., Johnson, M. C., Anwar, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3D printing
Adolescent
Aortic Valve - diagnostic imaging
Aortic Valve - pathology
Cardiac Surgery
Cardiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Congenital heart disease
CT imaging
Echocardiography
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional - methods
Female
Genetic disorders
Heart Defects, Congenital - diagnostic imaging
Heart Defects, Congenital - pathology
Heart diseases
Humans
Infant
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Models, Cardiovascular
Original Article
Pilot Projects
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Retrospective Studies
Vascular Surgery
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Summary:Cardiac 3D printing is mainly performed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) 3D datasets, though anatomic detail of atrioventricular (AV) valves may be limited. 3D echo provides excellent visualization of AV valves. Thus, we tested the feasibility and accuracy of 3D printing from 3D echo in this pilot series of subjects with congenital heart disease (CHD), with a focus on valve anatomy. Five subjects with CHD were identified. 3D echo data were converted to 3D printable files and printed in collaboration with 3D Systems Healthcare (Golden, Colorado). A novel technique for valve modeling was utilized using commercially available software. Two readers (KM, SA) independently measured valve structures from 3D models and compared to source echo images. 3D printing was feasible for all cases. Table 1 shows measurements comparing 2D echo to 3D models. Bland Altman analysis showed close agreement and no significant bias between 2D and digital 3D models (mean difference 0.0, 95% CI 1.1 to − 1.1) or 2D vs printed 3D models, though with wider limits of agreement (mean difference − 0.3, 95% CI 1.9 to − 2.6). Accuracy of 3D models compared to 2D was within 
ISSN:0172-0643
1432-1971
DOI:10.1007/s00246-020-02462-4