Cardiovascular risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 2021-12, Vol.22 (4), p.729-761
• Main Authors: Pathirana, Maleesa M., Lassi, Zohra, Ali, Anna, Arstall, Margaret, Roberts, Claire T., Andraweera, Prabha H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cholesterol; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes, Gestational - diagnosis; Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology; Endocrinology; Female; Gestational diabetes; Heart Disease Risk Factors; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Insulin; Internal Medicine; Low density lipoprotein; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meta-analysis; Pregnancy; Reviews; Risk Factors; Systematic review; Triglycerides
• ISSN: 1389-9155; 1573-2606
• DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09587-0

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among women with previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019118149). PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched. Studies reporting on CVD risk factors in women with previous GDM compared to women without previous GDM were selected. A total of 139 studies were eligible, of which 93 were included in the meta-analysis. Women with previous GDM have significantly higher systolic blood pressure (2.47 mmHg 95% CI 1.74 to 3.40, n  = 48, 50,118 participants) diastolic blood pressure (1.89 mmHg 95% CI 1.32 to 2.46, n = 48, 49,495 participants), BMI (1.54 kg/m 2 95% CI 1.32 to 2.46, n  = 78, 255,308 participants), total cholesterol (0.26 SMD 95% CI 0.15 to 0.37, n = 48, 38,561 participants), LDL cholesterol (0.19 SMD 95% CI 0.08 to 0.30, n  = 44, 16,980 participants), triglycerides (0.56 SMD 95% CI 0.42 to 0.70, n  = 46, 13,175 participants), glucose (0.69 SMD 95% CI 0.56 to 0.81, n  = 55, 127,900 participants), insulin (0.41 SMD 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59, n  = 32, 8881 participants) and significantly lower HDL cholesterol (−0.28 SMD 95% CI −0.39 to −0.16, n  = 56, 35,882 participants), compared to women without previous GDM. The increased blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose are seen as early as