Mechanobiology of Bone Consolidation During Distraction Osteogenesis: Bone Lengthening Vs. Bone Transport

Bone lengthening and bone transport are regeneration processes that commonly rely on distraction osteogenesis, a widely accepted surgical procedure to deal with numerous bony pathologies. Despite the extensive study in the literature of the influence of biomechanical factors, a lack of knowledge abo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of biomedical engineering 2021-04, Vol.49 (4), p.1209-1221
Main Authors: Blázquez-Carmona, Pablo, Mora-Macías, Juan, Morgaz, Juan, Fernández-Sarmiento, José Andrés, Domínguez, Jaime, Reina-Romo, Esther
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bearing capacity
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomechanics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedical materials
Biomedicine
Biophysics
Bone growth
Bone imaging
Callus
Classical Mechanics
Computed tomography
Distraction osteogenesis
Force distribution
Gait
Imaging techniques
In vivo methods and tests
Mechanical properties
Metatarsus
Mineralization
Modulus of elasticity
Original Article
Regeneration
Stress concentration
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Summary:Bone lengthening and bone transport are regeneration processes that commonly rely on distraction osteogenesis, a widely accepted surgical procedure to deal with numerous bony pathologies. Despite the extensive study in the literature of the influence of biomechanical factors, a lack of knowledge about their mechanobiological differences prevents a clinical particularization. Bone lengthening treatments were performed on sheep metatarsus by reproducing the surgical and biomechanical protocol of previous bone transport experiments. Several in vivo monitoring techniques were employed to build an exhaustive comparison: gait analysis, radiographic and CT assessment, force measures through the fixation, or mechanical characterization of the new tissue. A significant initial loss of the bearing capacity, quantified by the ground reaction forces and the limb contact time with the ground, is suffered by the bone lengthening specimens. The potential effects of this anomaly on the musculoskeletal force distribution and the evolution of the bone callus elastic modulus over time are also analyzed. Imaging techniques also seem to reveal lower bone volume in the bone lengthening callus than in the bone transport one, but an equivalent mineralization rate. The simultaneous quantification of biological and mechanical parameters provides valuable information for the daily clinical routine and numerical tools development.
ISSN:0090-6964
1573-9686
DOI:10.1007/s10439-020-02665-z