Exosomes of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chicken macrophages modulate immune response through the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway

• Published in: Developmental and comparative immunology 2021-02, Vol.115, p.103908-103908, Article 103908
• Main Authors: Hong, Yeojin, Lee, Jiae, Vu, Thi Hao, Lee, Sooyeon, Lillehoj, Hyun S., Hong, Yeong Ho
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Avian Proteins - metabolism; Cells, Cultured; Chicken; Chickens - immunology; Cytokines - metabolism; Exosomes; Exosomes - metabolism; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - immunology; Immunity, Innate; Immunomodulation; Lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides - immunology; Macrophage; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages - immunology; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism; NF-kappa B - metabolism; NF-κB signaling pathway; Signal Transduction
• ISSN: 0145-305X; 1879-0089
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103908

Exosomes are small membrane-extracellular vesicles produced from multivesicular bodies and play a role in cell-to-cell signaling. Exosomes from immune cells can regulate immune responses of recipient cells by releasing their contents. In the immune system, macrophages recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of gram-negative bacteria by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and intracellular pathways, such as NF-κB pathway, are activated, inducing proinflammatory cytokine expression. However, no studies have investigated the functions of exosomes in chicken macrophages. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the immunoregulatory functions of LPS-activated exosomes in chicken immune systems. Therefore, chicken macrophages cells (HD11) were activated with LPS, and exosomes were purified. The LPS-activated exosomes enhanced the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-4, CCL4, CCL17, and CCL19, in naive chicken macrophages. Furthermore, LPS-activated exosomes induced the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, as an immune response against gram-negative bacterial infection, LPS-activated chicken macrophages can release exosomes that are delivered to inactivated macrophages by regulating the expression of immune-related genes and the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In the future, LPS-stimulated exosomes may be utilized as an immune stimulator. •Exosomes from LPS-activated chicken macrophage cell lines (HD11) stimulated the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines.•LPS-activated exosomes induced phosphorylation of TAK1 and NF-κB1 signaling molecules in HD11 cell lines.•LPS-activated exosomes induced the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in HD11 cell lines.