Effects of dietary restriction on metabolic and cognitive health

Life expectancy in most developed countries has been rising over the past century. In the UK alone, there are about 12 million people over 65 years old and centenarians have increased by 85% in the past 15 years. As a result of the ageing population, which is due mainly to improvements in medical tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2021-05, Vol.80 (2), p.126-138
Main Authors: Souza Matos, Marina, Platt, Bettina, Delibegović, Mirela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Alzheimer's disease
Amino acids
Animal cognition
Antioxidants
Chronic conditions
Chronic illnesses
Cognitive ability
Developed countries
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diet
Dietary restrictions
Enzymes
Fibroblast growth factor 1
Geriatrics
Growth factors
Homocysteine
Hydrogen sulfide
Insulin resistance
Life expectancy
Life span
Medical treatment
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Metabolites
Methionine
Modulators
Mortality
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuromodulation
Nutrition Society Live 2020
Older people
Physiology
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Public health
Rodents
Sulfur
Symposium One: Metabolic health
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Summary:Life expectancy in most developed countries has been rising over the past century. In the UK alone, there are about 12 million people over 65 years old and centenarians have increased by 85% in the past 15 years. As a result of the ageing population, which is due mainly to improvements in medical treatments, public health, improved housing and lifestyle choices, there is an associated increase in the prevalence of pathological conditions, such as metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, many types of cancer and others. Statistics suggest that nearly 54% of elderly people in the UK live with at least two chronic conditions, revealing the urgency for identifying interventions that can prevent and/or treat such disorders. Non-pharmacological, dietary interventions such as energetic restriction (ER) and methionine restriction (MR) have revealed promising outcomes in increasing longevity and preventing and/or reversing the development of ageing-associated disorders. In this review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that are involved in these processes. Fibroblast growth factor 1 and hydrogen sulphide are important molecules involved in the effects of ER and MR in the extension of life span. Their role is also associated with the prevention of metabolic and cognitive disorders, highlighting these interventions as promising modulators for improvement of health span.
ISSN:0029-6651
1475-2719
DOI:10.1017/S0029665120007910