Simultaneous removal of organics and heavy metals from industrial wastewater: A review

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) 2021-01, Vol.262, p.128379-128379, Article 128379
• Main Authors: Ajiboye, Timothy O., Oyewo, Opeyemi A., Onwudiwe, Damian C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Heavy metals; Industrial effluents; Organic pollutants; Photocatalysis; Waste water
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128379

The co-existence of heavy metals and organics in industrial effluents is a prevalent problem. These pollutants usually have dissimilar compositions and properties, making their complete removal very tedious even with the use of conventional methods. In some cases, organics and heavy metals usually exist in a mixed matrix in industrial wastes. This poses harmful health risks to humans, aquatic lives and the entire ecosystem, because majority of these mixed pollutants amass in water in concentrations which are more than the permissible discharge limits in the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these pollutants in order to prevent them from contaminating both the surface and ground water. Although, the removal of organic compounds and heavy metals (such as Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr) could be easily achieved individually, however, these pollutants exist together in many industrial effluents and even in surface waters. Hence the complete removal of these pollutants concurrently in a polluted system is the focus of this study. Several technologies have been used for the simultaneous removal of organics and heavy metal pollutants from water, which includes adsorption, ion exchange, photocatalysis, and coagulation. The success of these techniques depends on the water matrices and the choice of water treatment media such as adsorbents, resins, photocatalysts, and coagulants. The advantages and limitations of these technologies together with their respective mathematical modelling is critically examined in this review. Finally, the effect of joint existence of organic pollutants and heavy metals on the removal efficiency were examined in addition to the mathematical models that discusses the mechanisms of their combine elimination. [Display omitted] •The existence of heavy metals and organic pollutants in wastewater were discussed.•The synergistic or antagonistic effects due to the joint existence were summarized.•Several strategies adopted for their simultaneous removal were reviewed.•Isotherms and kinetics models used to study the removal efficiency were presented.•The detection of pollutants by analytical techniques were described.