Loading…

Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature

Background Since the turn of the century, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia has increased, primarily due to rising rates of Type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, the landscape of diabetes medications has evolved significantly. The change in prescribing trends and public spending on diabete...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Internal medicine journal 2022-05, Vol.52 (5), p.841-847
Main Authors: Cieslik, Luke K., Cresswell, Nikki R., Fineberg, Daniel, Mariani, Justin A., Patel, Hitesh C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753
container_end_page 847
container_issue 5
container_start_page 841
container_title Internal medicine journal
container_volume 52
creator Cieslik, Luke K.
Cresswell, Nikki R.
Fineberg, Daniel
Mariani, Justin A.
Patel, Hitesh C.
description Background Since the turn of the century, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia has increased, primarily due to rising rates of Type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, the landscape of diabetes medications has evolved significantly. The change in prescribing trends and public spending on diabetes medications within Australia during this period are not well defined. Aims To establish the frequency and cost of dispensed diabetes medications in the Australian public healthcare system between 2003 and 2019. Methods We performed a longitudinal nationwide observational study using data obtained from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule websites, which contain information on frequency and spending of diabetes medications dispensed in Australia. Results The total number of PBS‐subsidised prescriptions dispensed for diabetes increased from 5 218 690 in 2003 to 12 188 568 in 2019, and spending increased from $117 241 031 to $598 904 983. Of the non‐insulin agents, metformin was consistently the most frequently dispensed agent, with a rapid growth in metformin combination tablets. Dispensation of sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones have declined, with a simultaneous increase in dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Conclusions Our data show a large growth in the use of diabetes medications between 2003 and 2019. The rapid growth in dispensing of drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits reflect the evolving approach of diabetes treatment, from a historical approach targeting glycaemic control alone, to a modern individualised approach targeting specific co‐morbidities.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/imj.15137
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2461394227</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2661705045</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU1r3DAQhkVpaDZpD_0DQdBLcvBGY0mW1duy5JOE9tCejSyPiRavvZXkLHvtL492neYQqBBoYB49MPMS8hXYHNK5dOvVHCRw9YHMQAiZSa3Fx0MtMqYZPyYnIawYA8W1-ESOOQetIIcZ-fvTY7DebaIbeho99k2gpm-oHUIMdGhp40yNEQNdY-Os2XOBup4uxhC96Zyhqb1F7GnOGD_8zRno76lK13S74Cajx2eH270yPiHtXERv4ujxMzlqTRfwy-t7Sn5fX_1a3mYPP27ulouHzIIuVabKWhYgtQWoBZccZJEbbtqyqRnWaAttW9aUKheqrltsUgesaLVmsixKJfkpOZ-8Gz_8GTHEau2Cxa4zPQ5jqHJRQFpPnquEfnuHrobRp2ESVRSgmGRiL7yYKOuHEDy21ca7tfG7Cli1D6ZKwVSHYBJ79moc67TIN_JfEgm4nICt63D3f1N193g_KV8AD42WfA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2661705045</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature</title><source>Wiley:Jisc Collections:Wiley Read and Publish Open Access 2024-2025 (reading list)</source><creator>Cieslik, Luke K. ; Cresswell, Nikki R. ; Fineberg, Daniel ; Mariani, Justin A. ; Patel, Hitesh C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Cieslik, Luke K. ; Cresswell, Nikki R. ; Fineberg, Daniel ; Mariani, Justin A. ; Patel, Hitesh C.</creatorcontrib><description>Background Since the turn of the century, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia has increased, primarily due to rising rates of Type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, the landscape of diabetes medications has evolved significantly. The change in prescribing trends and public spending on diabetes medications within Australia during this period are not well defined. Aims To establish the frequency and cost of dispensed diabetes medications in the Australian public healthcare system between 2003 and 2019. Methods We performed a longitudinal nationwide observational study using data obtained from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule websites, which contain information on frequency and spending of diabetes medications dispensed in Australia. Results The total number of PBS‐subsidised prescriptions dispensed for diabetes increased from 5 218 690 in 2003 to 12 188 568 in 2019, and spending increased from $117 241 031 to $598 904 983. Of the non‐insulin agents, metformin was consistently the most frequently dispensed agent, with a rapid growth in metformin combination tablets. Dispensation of sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones have declined, with a simultaneous increase in dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Conclusions Our data show a large growth in the use of diabetes medications between 2003 and 2019. The rapid growth in dispensing of drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits reflect the evolving approach of diabetes treatment, from a historical approach targeting glycaemic control alone, to a modern individualised approach targeting specific co‐morbidities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1444-0903</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1445-5994</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/imj.15137</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33197121</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melbourne: John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd</publisher><subject>Aged ; Australia ; Australia - epidemiology ; cost analysis ; Diabetes ; diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Glucagon ; Glucose transporter ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use ; Insulin ; Literature reviews ; Metformin ; Metformin - therapeutic use ; National Health Programs ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Peptidase ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; prescription ; Prescriptions ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Thiazolidinediones ; Trends</subject><ispartof>Internal medicine journal, 2022-05, Vol.52 (5), p.841-847</ispartof><rights>2020 Royal Australasian College of Physicians</rights><rights>2020 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.</rights><rights>2022 Royal Australasian College of Physicians</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2447-1312</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33197121$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cieslik, Luke K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cresswell, Nikki R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fineberg, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, Justin A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Hitesh C.</creatorcontrib><title>Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature</title><title>Internal medicine journal</title><addtitle>Intern Med J</addtitle><description>Background Since the turn of the century, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia has increased, primarily due to rising rates of Type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, the landscape of diabetes medications has evolved significantly. The change in prescribing trends and public spending on diabetes medications within Australia during this period are not well defined. Aims To establish the frequency and cost of dispensed diabetes medications in the Australian public healthcare system between 2003 and 2019. Methods We performed a longitudinal nationwide observational study using data obtained from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule websites, which contain information on frequency and spending of diabetes medications dispensed in Australia. Results The total number of PBS‐subsidised prescriptions dispensed for diabetes increased from 5 218 690 in 2003 to 12 188 568 in 2019, and spending increased from $117 241 031 to $598 904 983. Of the non‐insulin agents, metformin was consistently the most frequently dispensed agent, with a rapid growth in metformin combination tablets. Dispensation of sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones have declined, with a simultaneous increase in dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Conclusions Our data show a large growth in the use of diabetes medications between 2003 and 2019. The rapid growth in dispensing of drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits reflect the evolving approach of diabetes treatment, from a historical approach targeting glycaemic control alone, to a modern individualised approach targeting specific co‐morbidities.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Australia - epidemiology</subject><subject>cost analysis</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Glucagon</subject><subject>Glucose transporter</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Literature reviews</subject><subject>Metformin</subject><subject>Metformin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>National Health Programs</subject><subject>Observational Studies as Topic</subject><subject>Peptidase</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations</subject><subject>prescription</subject><subject>Prescriptions</subject><subject>Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Thiazolidinediones</subject><subject>Trends</subject><issn>1444-0903</issn><issn>1445-5994</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kU1r3DAQhkVpaDZpD_0DQdBLcvBGY0mW1duy5JOE9tCejSyPiRavvZXkLHvtL492neYQqBBoYB49MPMS8hXYHNK5dOvVHCRw9YHMQAiZSa3Fx0MtMqYZPyYnIawYA8W1-ESOOQetIIcZ-fvTY7DebaIbeho99k2gpm-oHUIMdGhp40yNEQNdY-Os2XOBup4uxhC96Zyhqb1F7GnOGD_8zRno76lK13S74Cajx2eH270yPiHtXERv4ujxMzlqTRfwy-t7Sn5fX_1a3mYPP27ulouHzIIuVabKWhYgtQWoBZccZJEbbtqyqRnWaAttW9aUKheqrltsUgesaLVmsixKJfkpOZ-8Gz_8GTHEau2Cxa4zPQ5jqHJRQFpPnquEfnuHrobRp2ESVRSgmGRiL7yYKOuHEDy21ca7tfG7Cli1D6ZKwVSHYBJ79moc67TIN_JfEgm4nICt63D3f1N193g_KV8AD42WfA</recordid><startdate>202205</startdate><enddate>202205</enddate><creator>Cieslik, Luke K.</creator><creator>Cresswell, Nikki R.</creator><creator>Fineberg, Daniel</creator><creator>Mariani, Justin A.</creator><creator>Patel, Hitesh C.</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-1312</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202205</creationdate><title>Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature</title><author>Cieslik, Luke K. ; Cresswell, Nikki R. ; Fineberg, Daniel ; Mariani, Justin A. ; Patel, Hitesh C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Australia - epidemiology</topic><topic>cost analysis</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Glucagon</topic><topic>Glucose transporter</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Literature reviews</topic><topic>Metformin</topic><topic>Metformin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>National Health Programs</topic><topic>Observational Studies as Topic</topic><topic>Peptidase</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations</topic><topic>prescription</topic><topic>Prescriptions</topic><topic>Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Thiazolidinediones</topic><topic>Trends</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cieslik, Luke K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cresswell, Nikki R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fineberg, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, Justin A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Hitesh C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Internal medicine journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cieslik, Luke K.</au><au>Cresswell, Nikki R.</au><au>Fineberg, Daniel</au><au>Mariani, Justin A.</au><au>Patel, Hitesh C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature</atitle><jtitle>Internal medicine journal</jtitle><addtitle>Intern Med J</addtitle><date>2022-05</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>841</spage><epage>847</epage><pages>841-847</pages><issn>1444-0903</issn><eissn>1445-5994</eissn><abstract>Background Since the turn of the century, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia has increased, primarily due to rising rates of Type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, the landscape of diabetes medications has evolved significantly. The change in prescribing trends and public spending on diabetes medications within Australia during this period are not well defined. Aims To establish the frequency and cost of dispensed diabetes medications in the Australian public healthcare system between 2003 and 2019. Methods We performed a longitudinal nationwide observational study using data obtained from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule websites, which contain information on frequency and spending of diabetes medications dispensed in Australia. Results The total number of PBS‐subsidised prescriptions dispensed for diabetes increased from 5 218 690 in 2003 to 12 188 568 in 2019, and spending increased from $117 241 031 to $598 904 983. Of the non‐insulin agents, metformin was consistently the most frequently dispensed agent, with a rapid growth in metformin combination tablets. Dispensation of sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones have declined, with a simultaneous increase in dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Conclusions Our data show a large growth in the use of diabetes medications between 2003 and 2019. The rapid growth in dispensing of drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits reflect the evolving approach of diabetes treatment, from a historical approach targeting glycaemic control alone, to a modern individualised approach targeting specific co‐morbidities.</abstract><cop>Melbourne</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd</pub><pmid>33197121</pmid><doi>10.1111/imj.15137</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-1312</orcidid></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1444-0903
ispartof Internal medicine journal, 2022-05, Vol.52 (5), p.841-847
issn 1444-0903
1445-5994
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2461394227
source Wiley:Jisc Collections:Wiley Read and Publish Open Access 2024-2025 (reading list)
subjects Aged
Australia
Australia - epidemiology
cost analysis
Diabetes
diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
Glucagon
Glucose transporter
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use
Insulin
Literature reviews
Metformin
Metformin - therapeutic use
National Health Programs
Observational Studies as Topic
Peptidase
Pharmaceutical Preparations
prescription
Prescriptions
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Thiazolidinediones
Trends
title Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T21%3A06%3A29IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prescription%20trends%20and%20costs%20of%20diabetes%20medications%20in%20Australia%20between%202003%20and%202019:%20an%20analysis%20and%20review%20of%20the%20literature&rft.jtitle=Internal%20medicine%20journal&rft.au=Cieslik,%20Luke%20K.&rft.date=2022-05&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=841&rft.epage=847&rft.pages=841-847&rft.issn=1444-0903&rft.eissn=1445-5994&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/imj.15137&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2661705045%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1987-78b56159c11b43531562a3af8db0ebec69cf0d87247bbfedaf81c4f9905868753%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2661705045&rft_id=info:pmid/33197121&rfr_iscdi=true