Periimplant bone changes in different abutment heights and insertion timing in posterior mandibular areas: Three‐year results from a randomized prospective clinical trial

• Published in: Clinical oral implants research 2021-02, Vol.32 (2), p.203-211
• Main Authors: Borges, Tiago, Montero, Javier, Leitão, Bruno, Pereira, Miguel, Galindo‐Moreno, Pablo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveolar Bone Loss; bone implant interactions; Bone implants; centered outcomes; clinical assessment; Clinical trials; Dental Abutments; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Dentistry; diagnosis; Edentulous; Humans; Independent variables; Insertion; Mandible; Mandible - diagnostic imaging; Mandible - surgery; Mouth, Edentulous; Mucosa; patient; Prostheses; Regression analysis; soft tissue‐implant interactions; Statistical analysis; structural biology; Surgical implants; tissue physiology
• ISSN: 0905-7161; 1600-0501
• DOI: 10.1111/clr.13691

Aim To compare the influence of the abutment height and its insertion timing on the marginal bone change (MBC) variation of implants placed at posterior mandibular partial edentulous areas in a medium follow‐up period. Material and methods This randomized clinical trial (RCT) comprised a sample of patients with posterior mandibular edentulous areas, treated with at least two implants and distributed into three groups: implants connected to a 2 mm height abutment during the surgical stage (Group A); implants connected to a 1 mm height abutment during the surgical stage (Group B); and implants connected to a 2 mm height abutment after 2 months (Group C). Clinical and radiographic measurements were performed during a 36‐month period (T4). The MBC was set as the main variable in study. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results A total of 29 subjects and 59 implants were enrolled in this study. A mean MBC of 0.35 ± 0.46 mm, 0.60 ± 0.81 mm, and 0.71 ± 0.90 mm was computed for groups A, B and C, respectively, at T4. Significant differences were found between groups A and C in terms of MBC variation after 3 years of treatment (p = .048). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant influence of the first‐year MBC and the abutment insertion timing has independent predictor variables for the MBC assessed at T4. Conclusion The installation of 2‐mm prosthetic abutments, at the time of implant placement, in areas with limited keratinized mucosa presents as a favorable treatment option in terms of periimplant marginal bone maintenance.