Factors influencing the prevalence of peri‐implantitis in implants inserted in augmented maxillary sinuses: A multicenter cross‐sectional study

• Published in: Journal of periodontology (1970) 2021-08, Vol.92 (8), p.1117-1125
• Main Authors: Stacchi, Claudio, Troiano, Giuseppe, Rapani, Antonio, Lombardi, Teresa, Sentineri, Rosario, Speroni, Stefano, Berton, Federico, Di Lenarda, Roberto
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: bone graft(s); Dentistry; implantology; maxillary sinus augmentation; osseointegration; peri‐implantitis
• ISSN: 0022-3492; 1943-3670
• DOI: 10.1002/JPER.20-0483

Background Peri‐implantitis is widely recognized as a major cause of late implant failure, both in pristine and regenerated bone. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of peri‐implantitis in implants inserted in augmented maxillary sinuses and to analyze possible risk factors. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in four centers including patients who underwent lateral or transcrestal sinus augmentation and received dental implants. Clinical and anamnestic data were collected using a standardized form. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses have been performed for both implant‐level and patient‐level variables. Subsequently, a multilevel logistic mixed‐effect model was built to analyze variables correlated with the occurrence of peri‐implantitis. Results A total of 156 patients (61 males and 95 females; mean age: 60.9 ± 11.6 years) with 315 implants inserted into augmented maxillary sinuses with a follow‐up ranging from 1 to 18 years were evaluated. Seven implants in seven patients were previously lost for peri‐implantitis (2.2% and 4.5% at implant‐ and patient‐level, respectively); 250 implants showed no signs of peri‐implant diseases (79.4%), 34 implants presented mucositis (10.8%), and 24 implants exhibited peri‐implantitis (7.6%). Corresponding data evaluated at patient‐level were 125 (80.1%), 17 (10.9%), and 14 (9.0%), respectively. At the multilevel analysis, history of periodontitis, sinus elevation with lateral approach, and one‐stage sinus floor elevation significantly correlated with the occurrence of peri‐implantitis (P