Biofilm of Candida albicans: formation, regulation and resistance

Summary Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing infections that range from mucous membranes to systemic infections. The present article provides an overview of C. albicans, with the production of biofilms produced by this fungus, as well as reporting the classes of antifun...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology 2021-07, Vol.131 (1), p.11-22
Main Authors: Pereira, R., Santos Fontenelle, R.O., Brito, E.H.S., Morais, S.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Biofilms
Candida albicans
Chemical compounds
Drug resistance
infection
Infections
Medical equipment
Microbial activity
Microorganisms
Morbidity
Morphology
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Pharmacology
resistance
Virulence
Virulence factors
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Summary:Summary Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing infections that range from mucous membranes to systemic infections. The present article provides an overview of C. albicans, with the production of biofilms produced by this fungus, as well as reporting the classes of antifungals used to fight such infections, together with the resistance mechanisms to these drugs. Candida albicans is highly adaptable, enabling the transition from commensal to pathogen due to a repertoire of virulence factors. Specifically, the ability to change morphology and form biofilms is central to the pathogenesis of C. albicans. Indeed, most infections by this pathogen are associated with the formation of biofilms on surfaces of hosts or medical devices, causing high morbidity and mortality. Significantly, biofilms formed by C. albicans are inherently tolerant to antimicrobial therapy, so the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to current therapeutic agents remains low. Therefore, it is difficult to predict which molecules will emerge as new clinical antifungals. The biofilm formation of C. albicans has been causing impacts on susceptibility to antifungals, leading to resistance, which demonstrates the importance of research aimed at the prevention and control of these clinical microbial communities.
ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/jam.14949